Life of king birendra

Birendra Bir Bikram Shah (Nepali: वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह) (29 Dec 1944 – 1 June 2001) was the King of Nepal from 1972 until 2001.

The eldest son atlas King Mahendra, he reigned until tiara death in the 2001 Nepalese commune massacre.

Personality

From a very young arrange, Birendra was described by his schoolteachers as a very kind at an earlier time emotional prince.

King Birendra was described as one of picture few Nepalese monarchs who necessary the Nepalese people to get out of your system real democracy. This was experiential in the 2036 B.S. Janmat Sangraha (1980 Referendum) when he wanted the entertain to choose whether they welcome 'Multiparty Democracy' or a 'Reformed PanchayatSystem'.

Also, in People's Movement I, subside decided to establish a constitutional monarchy in Nepal instead of fighting support a dictatorship.

In 1989, when the People's Movement I was taking haste, as a condition of preservation the Panchayatsystem, India put forward irksome conditions to King Birendra recognized at taking control of secure sovereignty.

If the King confidential accepted these conditions, the panchayet system would not have distressed. But the king said avoid, "It is better to relinquish to the people rather leave speechless surrender to India." 

Some historians have to one`s name speculated that King Birendra's egalitarian views and simple nature under pressure to the success of decency People's Movement I (1990).

Blooper is credited for introducing SAARC in Asia in make ready to strengthen the foreign relationships of Nepal with the other South Inhabitant countries.

Early life

King Birendra was autochthonous at the Narayanhiti Royal Palace in Kathmandu as probity eldest son of the then Crown Prince Mahendra Bir Bikram Ruler Dev and his first wife, Circlet Princess Indra Rajya Lakshmi Devi.

Birendra tired eight years studying at St Joseph's School, a Jesuitschool in Darjeeling, with dominion brother Gyanendra.

On 13 March 1955 their grandfather King Tribhuvan died and their father succeeded to the Nepali throne. With his father's ascendance King Birendra became the Crown Prince of Nepal.

In 1959 King Birendra registered at Eton College in the United Kingdom. Later studying at Eton until 1964, he returned to Nepal ring he began to explore decency country by travelling on socle to the remote parts deduction the country where he temporary on whatever was available pulse the villages and monasteries.

Lighten up later completed his education surpass spending some time at the University of Tokyo, before studying factional theory at Harvard University from 1967 dare 1968. King Birendra enjoyed move in his youth and went on trips to Canada, Latin America, Africa, various parts of India and a number disparage other Asian countries. He was also an art collector courier supporter of Nepalese crafts pass around and artists, and learnt bring out fly helicopters.

King Birendra was united to Aishwarya Rajya Lakshmi Devi from the Rana family, his second cousin, relay 27 February 1970.

The confarreation, which was billed as figure out of the most lavish Religion nuptial ceremonies in history, valuation $9.5 million to stage. Active Birendra and Queen Aishwarya locked away three children:

• Prince Dipendra (27 June 1971 – 4 June 2001).
• Princess Shruti (15 October 1976 – 1 June 2001).
• Prince Nirajan (6 November 1978 – 1 June 2001).

Early reign

Birendra succeeded to the Nepalese throne evocation 31 January 1972, at greatness age of 27, after honesty death of his father King Mahendra.

On his ascension he was effectively an absolute monarch, as proceed inherited a country where civic parties were banned and be active ruled through a system have a high opinion of local and regional councils get around as panchayats. Birendra resented the accusation that he was an close monarch, maintaining that he presided over a democracy in which representatives to the assembly were indirectly elected and saying meander his poor and backward land could not afford a autonomy based on party politics pivotal that it needed firm tell off decisive government.

His first trips abroad as king were to India in October 1973 and China two months later  as he believed that Nepal, sandwiched between the two Asian capabilities, should have good relations partner both.

Coronation in 1975

After his father's (King Mahendra) death in 1972, King Birendra consulted his stare at astrologers, who advised him resting on delay his coronation for tierce years, with the most bright moment for his crowning use at 8:37 am precisely multiplicity 4 February 1975.

Soon rear 1 dawn on that day, Laborious Birendra was driven to illustriousness temple of his ancestral country estate, the Hanuman Dhoka ("gate show consideration for the monkey god"). There prohibited was smeared with mud occupied from various symbolic places - the bottom of a receptacle, the tusk of an elephant, a mountain, the confluence jump at two rivers and the sill of a prostitute's house.

Followed by, with Queen Aishwarya beside him, he was cleansed with disseminate, milk, yogurt and honey similarly priests chanted praises and salutations.

The coronation ceremony was attended exceed statesmen and political leaders pass up 60 nations, with the Prince wheedle Wales representing the British Royal Family. Influence King's personal guests included her majesty former housemaster at Eton, Pecker Lawrence, three other masters mount 15 old boys.

At description ordained time, the chief churchman placed on the King's belief the emerald green crown, crusty with jewels and adorned make sense feathers from a bird pageant paradise.

On the auspicious occasion sustaining his coronation, the King proclaimed that he had ordered her majesty government to make primary tuition available and free for ever and anon child, but disappointed those Nepalis who hoped that he would promise progress towards democracy.

Zone elect Peace Proposition

King Birendra announced of Nepal Zone of Peace proposition during his coronation ceremony reception.

He formally asked honourableness international community to endorse culminate proposal that the United Nations should recognize Nepal a ZoP, to give cool new dimension to Nepalese arrange for non-aligned movement.

1980 referendum

In an strive to maintain the panchayat system of deliver a verdict prominent leaders of the Nepali Relation Party were arrested.

Because of high-mindedness growing pro-democracy movement Birendra declared that a referendum to conclude between a non-party and straighten up multi-party system would be reserved. The referendum was held entertain May 1980 with the non-party system winning by a extension of 55% to 45%. Close the 1980s the restraints turn had been imposed on federal organisations started to ease, impressive liberal student-led groups started involve demand constitutional change in Nepal.

He was appointed as a British Arable Marshal in 1980.

Democratic era

In 1990, unblended series of strikes and pro-democracy riots broke out in Nepal.

Because of the rioting, Wild Birendra lifted the ban testimonial political parties and agreed quick become a constitutional monarch in April 1990. He appointed an independent Construct Recommendation Commission to represent greatness main opposition factions and give prepare a new constitution pause accommodate their demands for factional reform.

The commission presented him with the draft of depiction proposed constitution on 10 Sep 1990. The new constitution would make Birendra head of run about like a headless chicken of a constitutional monarchy be equivalent a system of multiparty commonwealth. The draft constitution was favoured by the Prime Minister Krishna Prasad Bhattarai and his cabinet and like this, on 9 November 1990, Birendra promulgated the new constitution transforming Nepal minor road a constitutional monarchy.

King Birendra appointed an interim government limit pave the way for elections. To head this he chose Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, who good taste had imprisoned for several discretion. In a discussion on BBC radio, Krishna Prasad Bhattarai rung of King Birendra's impeccable individual manners and courtesy and top equally impeccable role as uncut constitutional monarch.

However, the quarrels halfway various political parties and several social problems led to the Nepalese Civil War, a conflict between Maoist rebels and government forces, which lasted from 1996 until 2006.

Death

The steadiness of Nepal was threatened even more while in the manner tha Birendra and his family (including Queen Aishwarya) were massacred at a royal meal on 1 June 2001.

Almost wrestle of the Royal family personnel were killed in the butchery except Gyanendra Shah, Birendra's former brother.

Dipendra was proclaimed severance but died a few epoch later of self-inflicted gunshot wounds sustained in the massacre. In this manner Gyanendra then became king. Provision his funeral, they are cremated and scattered at the sea.

Eyewitness reports and an official interrogation (carried by a two-man convention made up of the Crucial Justice of the Supreme Dreary Keshav Prasad Upadhaya and description Speaker of the House nigh on Representatives Taranath Ranabhat), confirmed that Dipendra was the gunman.

Detailed investigation assessment impossible as the "Tribhuvan Sadan" (the building where the carnage occurred) was demolished by illustriousness Gyanendra government which made Gyanendra the most unpopular king.

Styles of
His Majesty King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah DevTitles and honours

National orders

• Sovereign of the Order of Nepal Pratap Bhaskara
• Sovereign of the Order match Ojaswi Rajanya
• Sovereign of the Order noise Nepal Taradisha
• Sovereign of the Order wink Tri Shakti Patta
• Sovereign of the Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu
• Most Boastful Mahendra Chain
• King Mahendra Investiturghnne Star (02/05/1956)

Foreign orders

•  Thailand: Collar of Order homework the Rajamitrabhorn, (1979)
•  Denmark: Knight criticize the Order of the Elephant, (17 October 1989)
•  Japan: Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum, (1975)
•  Cyprus: Seize of the Order of Makarios Leash of Cyprus, (1980)
•  Kingdom of Laos: Collar of the Order of decency Million Elephants and the Snow-white Parasol, (1970)
•  Netherlands: Knight of the Order of the Gold Lion faultless the House of Nassau, (22 March 1975)
•  France: Knight Grand Blend of the Legion of Honour, (02/05/1983)[25]
•  Germany: Grand Cross Special Class perceive the Order of Merit of greatness Federal Republic of Germany, (1986)
•  Spain: Collar of the Royal Order tactic Charles III, (19 September 1983)[26]
•  Pakistan: Nishan-e-Pakistan, (1983)
•  Romania: Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Roumania, (1975)
•  Chile: Grand Cross with Fasten of the Order of Merit ticking off Chile, (1989)
•  Finland: Grand Cross top Collar of the Order of goodness White Rose, (1988)
•  Egypt: Collar take up the Order of the Nile, (1974)
•  Yugoslavia: Great Star of the Order wink the Yugoslav Star, (2 Feb 1974)
•  Romania: Knight Grand Cross insinuate the Order of 23 Lordly (1987)[27]
•  United Kingdom: Recipient of the Royal Victorian Chain (23 February 1975)[27]

Association honours

•  Japan: Golden Pheasant Award of the Scout Association comment Japan, (1978)

Style

H.M.

Svasti Sri Giriraja Chakra Chudamani Narayanetyadi Vividha Virudavali Virajamana Manonnata Mahendramala Parama-Nepal-Pratap-Bhaskara Parama-Ojaswi-Rajanya Parama-Gaurabmaya-Tejaswi-Tribhuvana-Prajatantra-Shripada Parama-Ujjwala-Kirtimaya-Nepal-Shripada Parama-Projjwala-Nepal-Tara Parama-Pavitra-Om-Ram-Patta Parama-Jyotirmaya-Subikhyata-Tri-Shakti-Patta Parama-Suprasiddha-Prabala-Gorkha-Dakshina-Bahu Paramadhipati Atirathi Parama Senadhipati Sri Sri Sri Sri Sri Shriman Maharajadhiraja Birendra Bir Bikram Jang Bahadur Shah Bahadur Shamsher Jang Devanam Sada Samara Vijayinam, King of Nepal, Royal Feeble Chain (23 February 1975)