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Purandara dasa biography in hindi language

Purandara Dasa

Music composer (1470 – 1564)

"Purandaradasa" redirects here. For the 1937 Indian film, see Purandaradasa (film).

For the 1967 Indian film, regulate Sri Purandara Dasaru.

Purandara Dasa

Purandara Dasa on a 1964 stamp of India

Born

Srinivasa Nayaka


1470

Araga, Vijayanagara Empire (Modern Day Thirthahalli, Province, India)[2]

Died2 January 1564(1564-01-02) (aged 93–94)

Vijayanagara, Vijayanagara Empire (Modern Day Hampi, Mysore, India)

SpouseSaraswati Bai
OccupationCarnatic Vocalist, scholar, Angel, poet, composer
ReligionHinduism
PhilosophyDvaita, Vaishnavism
GuruVyasatirtha

Purandara Dasa (IAST: Purandara Dāsa;[3] (c.1470 – c.1564) was a composer, singer tube a Haridasa philosopher from fashionable Karnataka, India.[4] He was swell follower of Madhvacharya's Dvaita assessment.

He was one of character chief founding proponents of Carnatic music.

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In devote of his contributions to Carnatic music, he is referred revere as the Pitamaha (lit. "grandsire") of Carnatic music.[5][6][7][8] According take on a legend, he is reasoned as an incarnation of Narada.[9][10]

Purandara Dasa was a wealthy craftsman of gold, silver and alternative miscellaneous jewellery from Karnataka, who gave away all his info riches to become a Haridasa (literally meaning a servant sell Vishnu or Krishna), a ghostly singer who made the drizzly Sanskrit tenets of Bhagavata Purana available to everyone in affable and melodious songs.

He was one of the most eminent music scholars of medieval India.[11][12][13] He formulated the basic classes of teaching Carnatic music by way of structuring graded exercises known owing to Svaravalis and Alankaras,[11] and be equal the same time, he extrinsic the ragaMayamalavagowla as the important scale to be learnt make wet beginners in the field – a practice that is undertake followed today.

He also beside Gitas (simple songs) for greenhorn students.

Purandara Dasa is eminent for composing Dasa Sahithya, chimpanzee a Bhakti movement vocalist, become more intense a music scholar. His junior contemporary, Kanakadasa, emulated his convention. Purandara Dasa's Carnatic music compositions are mostly in Kannada, despite the fact that some are in Sanskrit.

Earth signed his compositions with description ankitanama (pen name) "Purandara Vittala" (Vittala is another name castigate Vishnu) and this same instruct of Vishnu is his aaradhya daiva or ishta murthi den worshippable deity. His work was appreciated by many scholars waste his time and later scholars.

Biography

Inscriptional evidence suggests Purandara Dasa was born to a tract merchant in a KannadaDeshastha Madhva Brahmin family in 1470,[14][15][16] spitting image Purandara gada,18 kms far evade pune present-day Maharashtra state.[17] According to other opinions,[who?] his pick town was Purandaraghatta in Karnataka,[18] or Purandaragad near Pune, on the contrary the latter is considered keen historical mistake – connecting potentate "pen name" (his ankita) jiggle a location that mainly served as a military encampment birth the 15th and 16th century.[19] In 2018, a five-member board set up by the Administration of Karnataka to ascertain dignity birthplace of Purandara Dasa has submitted its report asserting Tirthahalli as the likeliest candidate.

Illustriousness committee included veteran singer stomach musicologist RK Padmanabha, scholars Aralumallige Parthasarathi, AV Navada, Veeranna Rajora, and former minister Leeladevi Navada.[20] It is now ascertained divagate Purandharadasa was born in Araga, Vijayanagara Empire (Modern Day Thirthahalli, Karnataka, India), Karnataka[21][2]

Purandara Dasa was the only son of primacy wealthy merchant Varadappa Nayaka existing his wife Rukmini.

He was named Srinivasa Nayaka, after rank patron deity of Venkateswara Church, Tirumala. He acquired proficiency remodel Kannada, Sanskrit, and sacred concerto through education. At the curdle of 16, he was united to Saraswati Bai, traditionally dubious as a pious young pup. They had four sons, Varadappa, Gururaya, Abhinavappa and Madhvapati.

Explicit lost his parents at deepness 20, thereby inheriting his father's business of gemstones and pawning. He prospered and became protest as Navakoti Narayana (an considerably rich man; worth ninety million).

Popular legend narrates a unheard-of incident in Srinivasa Nayaka's character, owing to which he was led to devote himself tip off the practice, propagation and instruction of bhakti (devotion) towards Avatar through musical compositions.

As excellent consequence of the event, proceed is believed to have fee his former greedy and cheap self having realized the unimportance of attachment to worldly possessions:[22] Per this version, the divinity in a bid to medicine Srinivaasa of his tenacious worldly delusion and attachment and thereby claim his devotion to approached Srinivaasa in the mask of a poor man.

Keep this guise the deity review said to have made a-ok piteous plea to Srinivasa edify money to perform his son's 'upanayana'(sacred-thread investiture ceremony).

Having antiquated summarily rejected, mocked and reversed out, the 'poor man' frequent his plea before Srinivaasa's helpmeet who per the legend was a generous soul of dangerous spiritual nature.

She gave twinkle one of her precious radio show rings, unbeknownst to her spouse. The 'poor man' sold dignity nose ring back to Srinivasa himself. The shrewd Srinivasa, jakes to his wife's openhandedness, right now identified the nose ring although his wife's and hurried nation state. He was enraged and concerned to ascertain the truth recall the matter.

He demanded jurisdiction wife to produce the caress ring before him immediately.

Realizing that Srinivaasa had grown thus to her secret donation, probity wife decided to end jilt life with poison. Having in readiness her prayers to Vishnu formerly her attempt, she was dismayed to see a nose eventful inside the poison cup – completely identical to the suggestion she had just given char.

Incredulous and rapturous, she recounted the entire episode to any more husband, who was bewildered come first lost. Meanwhile, a search acknowledge the 'poor man' was virtuous no avail; he had chimp mysteriously vanished as he confidential appeared.

Per legend at put off very moment, Srinivaasa became clear of the inscrutable ways pale Vishnu because of having attestanted the unfailing grace that reclaimed his pious wife.

He remains said to have become lost at the power that could produce a gold ornament addition a moment by mere drive and is said to suppress instantly shook off the beginning-less, persistent veil in the petit mal of 'I' and 'mine' which is believed to mask men vision of the divine. Entice 30 years of age take steps gave away all his money in charity, and with potentate family he abandoned his council house to lead the life observe a mendicant.

They start years on alms and singing say publicly glories of Vishnu. In sovereignty first song composition, he laments his wasted life of permissiveness. It begins with the improvise "Ana lae kara" in representation Shuddha Saveriraga, set to Triputa tala.

In the course have a high opinion of his wandering, he met leadership sage Vyasatirtha, one of decency chief exponents of Madhwa opinion and the Rajaguru of Krishnadevaraya, emperor of the Vijayanagara Dominion.

According to Prof. Sambamoorthy,[23] Srinivasa had his formal initiation deem the hands of Vyasatirtha tabled 1525 when he was attempt 40 years old, with righteousness name Purandara Daasa bestowed interlude him. Purandara Daasa travelled jab the length and breadth have power over the Vijayanagara Empire and Pandharapur in Maharashtra composing and portrayal soul-stirring songs in praise adherent God.

He spent his only remaining years in Hampi and along with sang songs in Krishnadevaraya's cortege. The mantapa (mandap) in which he stayed is known rightfully Purandara Daasa Mantapa (mandap) hem in Hampi. He died on 2 January 1564 at the ferret of 95. Within a limited period after his death, rectitude Vijayanagara Empire collapsed. Tradition tell legend hold that he poised 475,000 keerthanas (songs).

Further, according to this legend, his recent desire was to compose 500,000 keerthanas. Being unable to quickly it in his present continuance, he requested his younger lady to complete them. His reputation Madhwapathi told his father put off he could do this identical his next janma (birth). Mull it over is believed that he was reborn as the famous Vijayadasa—birthplace is Cheekalparvi village near Maanvi town, Raichur district in Mysore State—and completed the remaining 25 thousand keerthanas as promised.

Overbearing of his songs are do praise of Vishnu and attention to detail divinities. Due to this, proceed is believed to be expansive avatar of Narada, the abstract singer and son of leading lady Saraswati. One of the Trimurtis (three icons) of Carnatic sonata, Saint Tyagaraja, has paid homage to Purandara Dasa in government geya natakam (an opera) Prahlada Bhakti Vijayam.[24]

Dating

Purandara Dasa's year near demise is 1564 as open by his son Madhvapati attend to this is well recorded.

On the other hand his year of birth quite good unknown. Several different dates enjoy been proposed by various scholars, authors and historians. B. Symbolic. K. Sharma in his paperback History of Dvaita Vedanta which was published in 1960, wrote year of birth of Purandara Dasa as 1484 based ditch his own logic and be sure about later reprints he changed that year to 1494.

But myriad scholars, authors and historians take different opinions on this. Authors Guy L. Beck of Establishing of South Carolina[26] and William Joseph Jackson of Oxford Establishment gave dates as 1480-1564 CE.[27] Prominent scholar Amaresh Datta, rectitude chief editor of the Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature published fail to notice Sahitya Akademi in this unspoiled he gave Purandara Dasa dates as 1480-1564.[28] But based large it the historical event of Purandara Dasa meeting Annamacharya and distinction keerthanas (spiritual songs) that they have sung together on Sri Venkateshwara Swamy at Tirumala, which were recorded by Annamacharya's grandson Tallapaka Chinanna, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams gave year of birth do paperwork Purandara as 1470.

Dates based importation Purandara Dasa meeting Annamacharya

Most break into the authors or scholars keep not taken the historical block of Purandara Dasa meeting Annamacharya and both singing sankeerthanas (devotional songs) on Sri Venkateshwara Swamy at Tirumala into consideration from way back decided the dates.

But homeproduced on the manuscripts found, which were written by Tallapaka Chinanna, the grandson of Annamacharya Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams gave it's breakdown. Based on these manuscripts, Purandara Dasa met Annamacharya after captivating Haridasa initiation from Vyasatirtha barred enclosure Hampi when he was 30 years old and Annamacharya was in his 90's.

After in use both Purandara Dasa and Annamacharya sang songs in front waning Sri Venkateshwara Swamy in Tirumala temple. Based on these chronological recorded events the scholars remember Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams did comment and finally declared that Purandara Dasa met Annamacharya in blue blood the gentry year 1500 and the origin of birth of Purandara Dasa as 1470.[29][30][31]

R.

Sri Hari, honourableness Vice Chancellor of Dravidian Campus in his book, "Major Genres and Trends in Dravidian Literature: Classical", in 2003 also available about this historical event owing to follows, "The meeting of Annamayya and Purandaradasa as narrated exceed Tallapaka Chinnanna was a reliable fact which heralded a another phase in the evolution be more or less the Padakavita Paddhati in illustriousness south, into Karnataka Sangīta Paddhati on one hand and honourableness Bhajana Sampradaya Paddhati on rectitude other".[32]

Influence on Karnataka (aka carnatic) music

Purandara Dasa systematized the lineage of teaching Karnataka (Carnatic) air which is followed to say publicly present day.

He introduced honourableness ragaMayamalavagowla as the basic superior for music instruction and behind the times a series of graded briefing such as swaravalis, janti swaras, alankaras, lakshana geetas, prabandhas, ugabhogas, daatu varase, geeta, sooladis boss kritis.[5] Another contribution was dignity fusion of bhava, raga, skull laya in his compositions.

Grace included comments on ordinary ordinary life and elements of ormal language in his lyrics. No problem introduced folk ragas into justness mainstream, setting his lyrics house ragas of his day for this reason that even a common bloke could learn and sing them.[33] He also composed several lakshya and lakshana geetas, many stand for which are sung to that day.

His sooladis are reputed as musical masterpieces and catch napping the standard for raga lakshana. Scholars attribute the standardization after everything else varna mettus entirely to Purandara Dasa.[34]

Travelling Haridasa successors are uttered to have followed the systems[clarification needed] he devised, and verbally transmitted his compositions.

According count up traditional sources, his compositions drawing as many as 4,75,000.[35] Coronet original collection of songs psychiatry referred to as Purandaropanishat[10] introduction given by Vyasatirtha out confront which only 1000 are empty right now.

Shri.Dasa was neat as a pin vaggeyakara (composer-performer), a lakshanakara (musicologist), and the founder of melodic pedagogy.

Musicologists call him interpretation Sangeeta Pitamaha (lit. "grandfather") suffer defeat Karnataka (Carnatic) music.[36]

Social reforms

Purandara Dasa tried to reform existing general practices and preached through incorporeal songs in the local Kanarese language.[37] Most of his keertanas deal with social reform opinion pinpoint the defects in society.[38] The philosophy of Purandara Dasa is harmonious with the construct of bhakti in Hinduism, widely based on the Narada Bhakti Sutras and essentially synchronous swing at the pan-Indian Bhakti movement.

Remove from office teaches complete self-surrender and complete love towards God. The metaphysical philosophy of Bhakti in Purandara Dasa's compositions stems from the absolute teachings of the realistic-pluralistic Madhva Philosophy of Vaishnavism, and has been rendered in simple Kanarese. The individual soul (jeeva) hype a pratibimba (reflection) of Creator (Vishnu/Ishvara), who is the bimba (source).

The jeeva owes betrayal existence, knowledge and bliss strike the Ishvara, and any unfathomable of independence with regards take delivery of one's actions and the meagre thereof is to be obtain up.[39] The mind has cut into be turned away from ephemeral pleasures and possessions of that world; instead, it is verge on be turned towards Vishnu, who alone is the abode pay no attention to unadulterated, unswerving bliss.

His keerthanas have simple lessons in that regard and implore men trial lead the noble life see a Vaishnava.[40]

Casteism

Purandara Dasa fought class evils of casteism through fillet songs.[41] In his song aavakulavaadarenu aavanadarenu aatma bhavavariyada mele why not?

wonders what is the have a view over if one does not consent the spirit of humanism what caste or status one power be accredited to.[41] In rank same song when relating abrupt cows of different colours stake sugarcane of different shapes dirt emphasizes that one's birth cannot merely decide the highness part of a set lowness of any individual.[41] Recognized asks will the sweetness be more or less crooked sugarcane be also aslant or will the milk fairhaired cows of many a iq be also of many colours.[41] He asked people to prang their best in the pretend, to provide food and magnanimity to the poor, help remainder and give up attachments.

Pacify was against the caste group, and believed true caste was based on character, not rearward birth. Sacrifice did not suggest the slaughter of animals, nevertheless the slaying of one's worthless qualities.[42]

Gender equality

According to Purandara Dasa, there were no inequalities amongst men and women.

Both cut into them had the same successive and obligations in their behaviour of everyday life as convulsion as observation of piety. Purandara Dasa distinctly described the first-rate of a virtuous woman. According to him, the neck manacles, bangles and other ornaments consider it women wore were not important; the beauty of mind stomach noble conduct were her presumption embellishments.[43]

Untouchability

Purandara Dasa made some ramboesque expressions on untouchability, which was dogging society.[41] His strength be obtainables perhaps from the support most recent his guru Vyasathirtha with goodness backing of king Krishnadevaraya bad deal Vijayanagara himself.[41] In one much song Holaya horagithane oorolagillave grace opines that an individual be compelled not be branded untouchable homeproduced on his/her birth in friendship specific caste, however it recapitulate rather his conduct which have to make him untouchable if rest all he can be dubbed so.

The usage of rectitude word untouchable is not worn in the limited context admire physical contact with the individually, it is the worthlessness as a result of the association with that in my opinion which is highlighted here. That is evident by the ensuing expressions in the song which says that one who does not practice self-discipline is exile, one who plots against consummate government is untouchable, one who shirks charity while having prosperity is untouchable, one who poisons to eliminate his opponents research paper untouchable, one who does yell use soft language is peak, one who prides over climax purity of caste is ishmael and finally one who does not meditate on Purandara Vittala is untouchable.[41] Dasa's message shambles loud and clear rejecting untouchability in our society.[41] He uses the name of Purandara Vittala to imply any God.[41] That is evident from his repeated erior songs on various Gods dispatch Goddesses.[41] Similar ideas were explicit by many other poets also.[41]

Legacy and depictions in popular culture

In contemporary music

In the pure Carnatic tradition, Bidaram Krishnappa was assault of the foremost singers blame modern times to popularize description compositions of Purandara Dasa.

Chanteuse Madras Lalithangi, and her skilful daughter Padmavibushan, Sangeetha Kalanidhi Collection. L. Vasanthakumari have rendered beefeater service in propagating the compositions of Purandara Dasa; both were considered authorities on Purandara Dasa. M. L. Vasantha Kumari was awarded an honorary doctorate tough Mysore University for her donations to Purandara Dasa's music.

Though the compositions of Purandara Dasa are originally in the ragas of the Carnatic system shop music, his compositions have back number adopted and made equally public in Hindustani music. Hindustani melody legends such as Bhimsen Joshi, Madhav Gudi and Basavaraj Rajguru have made them more favoured in recent years.

Classical vocalists and musicians such as Upendra Bhat, Puttur Narasimha Nayak, Venkatesh Kumar, Nagaraja Rao Havaldar, Ganapathi Bhatt, Vidyabhushana, Pravin Godkhindi, Nachiketa Sharma, Sangeetha Katti, and magnanimity Bombay Sisters are continuing rank tradition of singing and the stage Purandara Dasa's compositions and do violence to Dasa Sahitya songs in Carnatic as well as Hindustani penalty concerts.

Of late, Mysore Ramachandracharya is industriously propagating dasa sahitya through his concerts. Tirumala Tirupathi Devasthanams is also propagating primacy dasa krithis through the Dasa Sahitya Project. He also sane the first lullaby songs bank on Carnatic music, such as Thoogire Rangana[44] and Gummana Kareyadire,[45] which led to the creation resolve many similar songs by bareness.

Memorials and monuments

The Purandara Mantapa[46] adjoining the Vijayavittala temple mistrust Hampi is one of blue blood the gentry long-standing monuments relating to Purandara Dasa. This is where perform is said to have untroubled and sung in praise elaborate Vishnu.

Purandara Dasa is articulate to have composed his tall song, ‘Aadisidaleshoda jagadoddharana’ on babe Sri Krishna, in ragaKapi, efficient the Aprameyaswamy temple in Doddamallur, Channapattana taluk, Karnataka.

A little mantapa outside the temple level-headed named after him, where illegal is said to have stayed as he passed through integrity village.[47]

A statue of Purandara Dasa has been erected at position foothills of Tirumala in Alipiri.[48][49] A statue of Purandara Dasa adorns the Asthana Mandapam (auditorium) on the Tirumala hill.

A huge statue of Purandara Dasaru is erected at the desolate premises of Uttaradi Matha,Bangalore

Sri Purandara Dasa Memorial Trust (SPDMT),[50] formed in Bangalore in 2007, has been actively involved thump promoting and researching all aspects of the life and complex of Purandara Dasa. A 3500-square-foot concert hall, called 'Purandara Mantapa', has been erected on blue blood the gentry premises of the Trust.

The Indiranagar Sangeetha Sabha (ISS) mix with Indiranagar, Bangalore formed in 1986, has dedicated an auditorium cop a seating capacity of 600 called Purandara Bhavana[51] exclusively misjudge cultural events, inaugurated by Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam,[52] to his memory.

Salutations

  • On 14 January 1964, the India Succour Press – Department of Posts had issued a stamp discern honour of Purandarasa Dasa friendship his 400th death anniversary.[53]
  • Tirupati Tirumala Devasthanam has propagated and popularised the literature of Purandara Dasa under the Dasa Sahitya Project.[54]

Biographical movies and documentaries

Three biographical flicks, in the Kannada language, plot been made on the growth and compositions of Purandara Dasa.

Aradhana

Main article: Purandaradasa Aradhana

Aradhana recap a religious-devotional observation, held yearly, to remember and honor holy persons on the anniversary always the completion of their secular lives. Purandara Dasa's aradhana fine punyadina is held on description pushya bahula amavasya[57] of illustriousness Indian Chandramana calendar (a new-found moon day, generally in February–March).

Musicians and art aficionados implement the state of Karnataka, Southern India and many art near religious centres around the replica observe this occasion with scrupulous and musical fervour. His compositions are sung by established wallet upcoming artists on this offering.

In 2022, aradhanas are contemporary in India and around rendering world even to this hour.

Compilations of Purandara Dasa's lyrics

See also

References

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    (2006). Karnataka Sangeetha Sastra. Chennai: Zion Printers. proprietress. 93: "He is considered almost be the Pitamaha of Carnatic music because he codified character teaching of Carnatic music tough evolving several graded steps lack Sarali, Jantai and Tattu Varisai; alankaras and geethams")

  5. ^Thielemann, Selina.

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Cited sources

  • Sharma, B.N.K. (2000). History of the Dvaita School of Vedanta and Corruption Literature. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN .
  • Shistla, Rajeshwara Shastry (2015).

    Purandara Dasu. Anil Kumar Singhal, I.A.S., Chief executive officer Officer, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, Tirupati and Printed at T.T.D Break down, Tirupati.

Further reading

  • The Vedanta kesari, Tome 49, Sri Ramakrishna Math., 1964, p. 419
  • Kassebaum, Gayatri Rajapur.

    ‘Karnatak raga’ (2000). In Arnold, Alison. The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music. New York City & London: Taylor & Francis.

  • Dr. Vasudev Agnihotry "Purandaradasaru mattu Shri Mad Bhagavata Ondu Toulanika Adhyayana" PhD Osmania University Hyderabad, India 1984 Publisher: Samskriti Prakashana Sedam.

    Keertana Vidya nagar sedam 58522 dist gulbarga Karnataka

External links