Meta communication gregory bateson biography

Gregory Bateson

British-American psychological anthropologist (1904–1980)

Gregory Bateson
Rudolph Arnheim (L) captain Bateson (R) speaking at greatness American Federation of Arts Ordinal Annual Convention, 1957 Apr 6 / Eliot Elisofon, photographer American Coalescence of Arts records, Archives exclude American Art, Smithsonian Institution
Born	(1904-05-09)9 May well 1904 Grantchester, England
Died	4 July 1980(1980-07-04) (aged 76) San Francisco, California, U.S.
Known for	Double bind, bionomics of mind, deuterolearning, schismogenesis
Spouses	Margaret Mead (m. 1936; div. 1950) Elizabeth Sumner (m. 1951; div. 1957) Lois Cammack (m. 1961)
Children	5, including Mary Parable. Bateson
Scientific career
Fields	Anthropology, social sciences, linguistics, cybernetics, systems theory

Gregory Bateson (9 May 1904 – 4 July 1980) was an Equitably anthropologist, social scientist, linguist, seeable anthropologist, semiotician, and cyberneticist whose work intersected that of haunt other fields.

His writings incorporate Steps to an Ecology method Mind (1972) and Mind additional Nature (1979).

In Palo Low, California, Bateson and in these days his non-colleagues^[1] developed nobleness double-bind theory of schizophrenia.

Bateson's interest in systems theory forms a thread running through rulership work.

He was one strain the original members of authority core group of the Command conferences in Cybernetics (1941–1960), captain the later set on Embassy Processes (1954–1960), where he symbolize the social and behavioral sciences. He was interested in say publicly relationship of these fields come near epistemology. His association with say publicly editor and author Stewart Imitation helped widen his influence.

Early life and education

Bateson was constitutional in Grantchester in Cambridgeshire, England, on 9 May 1904. Unquestionable was the third and youngest son of (Caroline) Beatrice Metropolis and the distinguished geneticist William Bateson. He was named Pontiff after Gregor Mendel, the European monk who founded the contemporary science of genetics.^[2]

The younger Bateson attended Charterhouse School from 1917 to 1921, obtained a Chaste of Arts in biology go off St.

John's College, Cambridge, meticulous 1925, and continued at University from 1927 to 1929.

According to Lipset (1982), Bateson's existence was greatly affected by illustriousness death of his two brothers. John Bateson (1898–1918), the progeny of the three, was handle in World War I. Player Bateson (1900–1922), the second kinsman, was then expected to get in his father's footsteps renovation a scientist, but came guzzle conflict with his father regain his ambition to become nifty poet and playwright.

The derivative stress, combined with a misfortune in love, resulted in Martin's public suicide by gunshot beneath the statue of Anteros suggestion Piccadilly Circus on 22 Apr 1922, which was John's event. After this event, which transformed a private family tragedy be accepted a public scandal, the parents' ambitious expectations fell on Gregory.^[3]

Career

In 1928, Bateson lectured in philology at the University of Sydney.

From 1931 to 1937, crystal-clear was a Fellow of Reasonable. John's College, Cambridge. He fatigued the years before World Battle II in the South Peaceful in New Guinea and Island doing anthropology.

In the Decennium, he helped extend systems timidly and cybernetics to the collective and behavioral sciences. Although primarily reluctant to join the capacity services, Bateson served in class OSS during World War II along with dozens of hit anthropologists.^[4] He was stationed directive the same offices as Julia Child (then Julia McWilliams), Missioner Cushing Child, and others.^[5] Good taste spent much of the combat designing 'black propaganda' radio broadcasts.

He was deployed on disguised operations in Burma and Siam, and worked in China, Bharat, and Ceylon as well. Bateson used his theory of schismogenesis to help foster discord amid enemy fighters. He was put out by his wartime experience crucial disagreed with his wife closed whether science should be optimistic to social planning or softhearted only to foster understanding to a certain extent than action.^[4]

In Palo Alto, Calif., Bateson developed the double-bind assumption, together with his non-colleagues Donald Jackson, Jay Haley and Ablutions H.

Weakland, also known monkey the Bateson Project (1953–1963).^[6]

In 1956, he became a naturalised occupant of the United States.

Bateson was one of the inspired members of the core superiority of the Macy conferences ideal cybernetics (1941–1960), and the afterwards set on Group Processes (1954–1960), where he represented the collective and behavioral sciences.

In nobility 1970s, he taught at blue blood the gentry Humanistic Psychology Institute in San Francisco, which was renamed probity Saybrook University,^[7] and in 1972 joined the faculty of Kresge College at the University firm California, Santa Cruz.^[8]

In 1976, significant was elected a Fellow adequate the American Academy of Study and Sciences.^[9] California Governor Jerry Brown appointed him to depiction Regents of the University break into California,^[10] a position he retained until his death, although forbidden resigned from the Special Proof Projects committee in 1979 acquit yourself opposition to the university's borer on nuclear weapons.

Bateson weary the last decade of emperor life developing a "meta-science" emblematic epistemology to bring together character various early forms of systems theory developed in different comedian of science.^[11]

Personal life

From 1936 depending on 1950, he was married norm American cultural anthropologist Margaret Mead.^[12] He applied his knowledge belong the war effort before stirring to the United States.^[13] Bateson and Mead had a female child, Mary Catherine Bateson (1939–2021), who also became an anthropologist.^[14] Bateson separated from Mead in 1947, and they were divorced ready money 1950.^[15] In 1951, he wed Elizabeth "Betty" Sumner, the female child of the EpiscopalianBishop of Oregon, Walter Taylor Sumner.

They confidential a son, John Sumner Bateson (1951–2015), as well as duo who died shortly after descent in 1953. Bateson and Sociologist were divorced in 1957, astern which Bateson was married clean up third time, to therapist famous social worker Lois Cammack (born 1928), in 1961. They locked away one daughter, Nora Bateson (born 1969).^[15]

Bateson was a lifelong atheistical, as his family had back number for several generations.^[16] He was a member of William Irwin Thompson's esoteric Lindisfarne Association.

Bateson died on July 4, 1980, at age 76, in loftiness guest house of the San Francisco Zen Center.^[17] The 2014 novel Euphoria by Lily Kind is a fictionalized account near Bateson's relationships with Mead duct Reo Fortune in pre-WWII Pristine Guinea.^[18]

Philosophy

Where others might see ingenious set of inexplicable details, Bateson perceived simple relationships.^[19] In "From Versailles to Cybernetics," Bateson argues that the history of rendering twentieth century can be professed as the history of nifty malfunctioning relationship.

In his reckon, the Treaty of Versailles exemplifies a whole pattern of sensitive relationships based on betrayal stall hate. He therefore claims dump the Treaty of Versailles stomach the development of cybernetics—which apply for him represented the possibility make known improved relationships—are the only duo anthropologically important events of say publicly twentieth century.^[20]

Work

New Guinea

Bateson's beginning stage as an anthropologist were drained floundering, lost without a press out objective in mind.

He began in 1927 with a trek to New Guinea, spurred in and out of his mentor A. C. Haddon.^[11]^: 125 His goal, as suggested outdo Haddon, was to explore loftiness effects of contact between decency Sepik natives and whites. Deplorably for Bateson, his time bushed with the Baining of Creative Guinea was halted and arduous.

The Baining were not very accommodating of his research, scold he missed out on innumerable communal activities. They were too not inclined to share their religious practices with him.^[11]^: 128 Noteworthy left the Baining frustrated. Abide by, he set out to recite the Sulka, belonging to concerning native population of New Fowl.

Although the Sulka were upturn different from the Baining alight their culture was more hands down observed, he felt their cultivation was dying, which left him dispirited and discouraged.^[11]^: 130

He experienced added success with the Iatmul ancestors, an indigenous people living future New Guinea's Sepik River.

Description observations he made among loftiness Iatmul people allowed him medical develop his concept of schismogenesis. In his 1936 book Naven he defined the term, home-made on his Iatmul fieldwork, by reason of "a process of differentiation regulate the norms of individual conduct resulting from cumulative interaction amidst individuals" (p. 175).

The book was named after the 'naven' rehash, an honorific ceremony among decency Iatmul, still continued today, renounce celebrates first-time cultural achievements. Influence ceremony entails behaviours that flake otherwise forbidden in everyday community life. For example, men current women reverse and exaggerate mating roles; men dress in women's skirts, and women dress sentence men's attire and ornaments.^[11]^: 136 Also, some women smear mud come to terms with the faces of other next of kin, beat them with sticks, cranium hurl bawdy insults.

Mothers can drop to the ground thus their celebrated 'child' walks restrain them. And during a person rite, a mother's brother might slide his buttocks down picture leg of his honoured sister's son, a complex gesture living example masculine birthing, pride, and ill-treat, rarely performed before women, renounce brings the honoured sister's charm to tears.^[21] Bateson suggested blue blood the gentry influence of a circular course of action of causation, and proposed ditch women watched:

for the daring performances of the men, topmost there can be no excessive doubt that the presence simulated an audience is a observe important factor in shaping magnanimity men's behavior.

In fact, swimming mask is probable that the rank and file are more exhibitionistic because distinction women admire their performances. Adverse, there can be no yes that the spectacular behavior level-headed a stimulus which summons loftiness audience together, promoting in authority women the appropriate … behavior.^[11]^: 143

In short, the behaviour of nark X affects person Y, unthinkable the reaction of person Contorted to person X's behaviour decision then affect person X's manners, which in turn will sensation person Y, and so likeness.

Bateson called this the "vicious circle."^[11]^: 143 He then discerned duo models of schismogenesis: symmetrical see complementary.^[11]^: 144 Symmetrical relationships are those in which the two parties are equals, competitors, such though in sports.

Complementary relationships editorial an unequal balance, such pass for dominance-submission (parent-child), or exhibitionism-spectatorship (performer-audience). Bateson's experiences with the Iatmul led him to publish regular book in 1936 titled Naven: A Survey of the Stress Suggested by a Composite Allow for of the Culture of copperplate New Guinea Tribe Drawn deprive Three Points of View (Cambridge University Press).

The book weighty to be a watershed divert anthropology and modern social science.^[22]

Until Bateson published Naven, most anthropologists assumed a realist approach round on studying culture, in which sole simply described social reality. Bateson's book argued that this nearer was naive, since an anthropologist's account of a culture was always and fundamentally shaped moisten whatever theory the anthropologist taken to define and analyse character data.

To think otherwise, assumed Bateson, was to be childlike of what Alfred North Touch called the "fallacy of mislaid concreteness." There was no unprecedented or self-evident way to keep an eye on the Iatmul naven rite. If not, Bateson analysed the rite overexert three unique points of view: sociological, ethological, and eidological.

Description book, then, was not well-organized presentation of anthropological analysis on the contrary an epistemological account that explored the nature of anthropological evaluation itself.

The sociological point worm your way in view sought to identify extravaganza the ritual helped bring generate social integration. In the Decennium, most anthropologists understood marriage hard-cover to regularly ensure that organized groups renewed their alliances.

However Iatmul, argued Bateson, had incompatible marriage rules. Marriage, in mocker words, could not guarantee think about it a marriage between two clans would at some definite bring together in the future recur. In lieu of, Bateson continued, the naven oversee filled this function by unceremoniously ensuring exchanges of food, treasure, and sentiment between mothers' brothers and their sisters' children, edict between separate lineages.

Naven, strip this angle, held together justness different social groups of dressing-down village into a unified undivided faultless.

The ethological point of fair interpreted the ritual in status of the conventional emotions proportionate with normative male and feminine behaviour, which Bateson called beliefs. In Iatmul culture, observed newborn Bateson, men and women temporary different emotional lives.

For condition, women were rather submissive come first took delight in the achievements of others; men were passionately competitive and flamboyant. During nobleness ritual, however, men celebrated integrity achievements of their nieces lecture nephews while women were affirmed a ritual license to playact raucously. In effect, naven licit men and women to knowledge momentarily the emotional lives time off each other, thereby to get a level of psychological concurrence.

The third and final overturn of view, the eidological, was the least successful. Here Bateson endeavoured to correlate the organizational structure of the naven festival with the habitual patterns be fond of Iatmul thought. Much later, Bateson would harness the very be consistent with idea in the development bank the double-bind theory of psychosis.

In the Epilogue to character book, Bateson was clear: "The writing of this book has been an experiment, or fairly a series of experiments, deceive methods of thinking about anthropological material." That is to self-control, his overall point was distant to describe Iatmul culture precision the naven ceremony but run to ground explore how different modes support analysis, using different premises folk tale analytic frameworks, could lead communication different explanations of the precise sociocultural phenomenon.

Not only upfront Bateson's approach re-shape fundamentally blue blood the gentry anthropological approach to culture, on the contrary the naven rite itself has remained a locus classicus block the discipline. In fact, authority meaning of the ritual continues to inspire anthropological analysis.^[23]

Bali

From Hike 1936 until February 1938, Bateson traveled to Bali with king new wife Margaret Mead difficulty study the people of description village of Bajoeng Gede.^[11]^: 151 Sanctuary, Lipset states, "in the as a result history of ethnographic fieldwork, crust was used both on span large scale and as birth primary research tool."^[11]^: 52 Bateson took 25,000 photographs of their Bahasa subjects.^[24]^: 22

He discovered that the spread of Bajoeng Gede raised their children very unlike children not easy in Western societies.

Instead salary attention being paid to spruce child who was displaying a-one climax of emotion (love extend anger), Balinese mothers would be blind to them. Bateson notes, "The offspring responds to [a mother's] advances with either affection or constitution, but the response falls comprise a vacuum. In Western cultures, such sequences lead to miniature climaxes of love or twin, but not so in Island.

At the moment when copperplate child throws its arms have a laugh the mother's neck or bursts into tears, the mother's speak to wanders".^[11]^: 157 This model of adventure and refusal was also abandonment in other areas of righteousness culture. Bateson later described illustriousness style of Balinese relations laugh stasis instead of schismogenesis.

Their interactions were "muted" and plainspoken not follow the schismogenetic procedure because they did not oft escalate competition, dominance, or submission.^[11]^: 158

New Guinea, 1938

In 1938, Bateson keep from Mead returned to the Sepik River, and settled in character village of Tambunum, where Bateson had spent three days make out the 1920s.^[11]^: 155 Their aim line of attack replicate the Balinese project rearward the relationship between child-raising delighted temperament, and between conventions clasp the body – such orangutan pose, grimace, holding infants, facial expressions, etc.

– reflected insert cultural themes and values. Bateson snapped some 10,000 black abide white photographs, and Mead form thousands of pages of fieldnotes. But Bateson and Mead not in a million years published anything substantial from that research.^[25]

Bateson's encounter with Mead underline the Sepik river (Chapter 16) and their life together enjoy Bali (Chapter 17) are stated doubtful in Mead's autobiography Blackberry Winter: My Earlier Years (Angus leading Robertson.

London. 1973). Their chick Catherine's birth in New Dynasty on 8 December 1939 admiration recounted in Chapter 18.

Double bind theory of schizophrenia

Main article: Double bind

In 1956 in Palo Alto, Bateson and his colleagues Donald Jackson, Jay Haley, charge John Weakland^[6] articulated a akin theory of schizophrenia stemming expend double bind situations.

The coupled bind refers to a oral communication paradox described first in families with a schizophrenic member. Distinction first place where double binds were described (though not name as such) was according contest Bateson, in Samuel Butler's The Way of All Flesh (a semi-autobiographical novel about Victorian chicanery and cover-up).^[27]

Full double bind depends upon several conditions to be met:

The victim of double tie receives contradictory injunctions or enthusiastic messages on different levels be in the region of communication (for example, love stick to expressed by words, and toxin acidity or detachment by nonverbal behaviour; or a child is pleased to speak freely, but criticised or silenced whenever he wretched she actually does so).
No metacommunication is possible – for context, asking which of the bend over messages is valid or recounting the communication as making maladroit thumbs down d sense.
The victim cannot leave integrity communication field.
Failing to fulfill ethics contradictory injunctions is punished (for example, by withdrawal of love).

The strange behaviour and speech weekend away schizophrenics were explained by Bateson et al.

as an enunciation of this paradoxical situation, extort were seen in fact style an adaptive response, which ought to be valued as a healthful and transformative experience.

The duplicated bind was originally presented (probably mainly under the influence clutch Bateson's psychiatric co-workers) as mammoth explanation of part of position etiology of schizophrenia.

Currently, something to do is considered to be natty more important as an context of Bateson's approach to authority complexities of communication, which research paper what he understood it cast off your inhibitions be.^{[citation needed]}

The role of corporal change in evolution

Bateson writes take the part of how the actual physical unsteadiness in the body occur in prison evolutionary processes.^[28] He describes that through the introduction of probity concept of "economics of flexibility".^[28] In his conclusion he adjusts seven statements or theoretical positions which may be supported wishywashy his ideology.

The first abridge the idea that although environmental stresses have theoretically been ostensible to guide or dictate birth changes in the soma (physical body), the introduction of additional stresses does not automatically objective in the physical changes needed for survival as suggested fail to see original evolutionary theory.^[28] In actuality, the introduction of these stresses can greatly weaken the body.

An example that he gives is the sheltering of cool sick person from the indisposed or the fact that good-natured who works in an entreaty would have a hard prior working as a rock rambler and vice versa. The in no time at all position states that "the business of flexibility has a decorous structure-each successive demand upon breathing space fractioning the set of dole out possibilities".^[28] This means that all things being equal speaking each demand or unstable creates a new set clamour possibilities.

Bateson's third conclusion assignment "that the genotypic change as is usual makes demand upon the adjustive ability of the soma".^[28] That, he states, is the usually held belief among biologists though there is no evidence emphasize support the claim. Added contention are made on the anatomy by sequential genotypic modifications coach in the fourth position.

Through that he suggests the following iii expectations:^[28]

The idea that organisms mosey have been through recent modifications will be delicate.
The belief delay these organisms will become to an increasing extent harmful or dangerous.
That over repel these new "breeds" will comprehend more resistant to the stresses of the environment and vacillate in genetic traits.

The fifth short version position which Bateson believes anticipation supported by his data psychotherapy that characteristics within an creature that have been modified overcome to environmental stresses may agree with genetically determined attributes.^[28] Jurisdiction sixth position is that raise takes less economic flexibility without delay create somatic change than stream does to cause a constitution modification.

The seventh and last theory he believes to excellence supported is the idea digress, on rare occasions there volition declaration be populations whose changes longing not be in accordance own the thesis presented within that paper. According to Bateson, no one of these positions (at picture time) could be tested however he called for the making of a test which could possibly prove or disprove honourableness theoretical positions suggested within.^[28]

Ecological anthropology and cybernetics

In his book Steps to an Ecology of Mind, Bateson applied cybernetics to distinction field of ecological anthropology reprove the concept of homeostasis.^[29] Be active saw the world as clean up series of systems containing those of individuals, societies and ecosystems.

Within each system is grow competition and dependency. Each stand for these systems has adaptive waver which depend upon feedback turns to control balance by dynamical multiple variables. Bateson believed turn this way these self-correcting systems were right by controlling exponential slippage. Noteworthy saw the natural ecological usage as innately good as eke out a living as it was allowed give somebody the job of maintain homeostasis^[29] and that blue blood the gentry key unit of survival current evolution was an organism direct its environment.^[29]

Bateson also viewed defer all three systems of dignity individual, society and ecosystem were all together a part chivalrous one supreme cybernetic system dump controls everything instead of non-discriminatory interacting systems.^[29] This supreme cybernetic system is beyond the play-act of the individual and could be equated to what go to regularly people refer to as Demiurge, though Bateson referred to feed as Mind.^[29] While Mind admiration a cybernetic system, it jumble only be distinguished as wonderful whole and not parts.

Bateson felt Mind was immanent fuse the messages and pathways grip the supreme cybernetic system. Take action saw the root of prestige system collapse as a explication of Occidental or Westernepistemology. According to Bateson, consciousness is illustriousness bridge between the cybernetic networks of individuals, society and bionomics and the mismatch between representation systems due to improper concession will result in the vitiation of the entire supreme cybernetic system or Mind.

Bateson proposal that consciousness as developed rainy Occidental epistemology was at primordial odds with Mind.^[29]

At the ticker of the matter is well-controlled hubris. Bateson argues that Inhabitant epistemology perpetuates a system portend understanding which is purpose show up means-to-an-end driven.^[29] Purpose controls single-mindedness and narrows perception, thus final what comes into consciousness countryside therefore limiting the amount be totally convinced by wisdom that can be generated from the perception.

Additionally, Denizen epistemology propagates the false meaning that man exists outside See and this leads man egg on believe in what Bateson calls the philosophy of control homeproduced upon false knowledge.^[29]

Bateson presents Hesperian epistemology as a method cherished thinking that leads to copperplate mindset in which man exerts an autocratic rule over rim cybernetic systems.^[29] In exerting surmount autocratic rule man changes probity environment to suit him endure in doing so he unbalances the natural cybernetic system manipulate controlled competition and mutual county.

The purpose-driven accumulation of apprehension ignores the supreme cybernetic course and leads to the final breakdown of the entire practice. Bateson claims that man decision never be able to management the whole system because boot out does not operate in natty linear fashion and if checker creates his own rules matter the system, he opens person up to becoming a varlet to the self-made system justification to the non-linear nature snare cybernetics.

Lastly, man's technological attainment combined with his scientific egotism gives him the potential tell the difference irrevocably damage and destroy dignity supreme cybernetic system, instead advice just disrupting the system temporally until the system can self-correct.^[29]

Bateson argues for a position loosen humility and acceptance of honourableness natural cybernetic system instead make acquainted scientific arrogance as a solution.^[29] He believes that humility buoy come about by abandoning influence view of operating through apprehension alone.

Consciousness is only lone way in which to accept knowledge and without complete nurse of the entire cybernetic arrangement disaster is inevitable. The point out conscious must be combined versus the unconscious in a all-inclusive synthesis. Only when thought beginning emotion are combined in overall is man able to hire complete knowledge.

He believed give it some thought religion and art are varied of the few areas buy which a man acts makeover a whole individual in responsible consciousness. By acting with that greater wisdom of the greatest cybernetic system as a finalize man can change his kinship to Mind from one befit schism, in which he level-headed endlessly tied up in devoted competition, to one of complement.

Bateson argues for a suavity that promotes the most accepted wisdom and is able practice flexibly change within the greatest cybernetic system.^[29]

Other terms used unreceptive Bateson

Abductive Process. Originally coined manage without American philosopher/logician Charles Sanders Uranologist, abduction refers to the key in by which scientific hypotheses put in order generated^[30]^: 216 (along with induction boss deduction).

Bateson, however, thought find time for "abductive process" very differently. Request Bateson, abductive process is greatness way one context becomes keen description of another: "Every apprehension may be seen as elegant double or multiple description mean some object or event reviewer sequence."^[31]^: 134 Bateson often used abductive process as a way get stuck compare patterns of relationship promote their symmetry or asymmetry (as in, for example, comparative anatomy), especially in complex organic (or mental) systems.

Conscious Purpose.

In cool series of papers and confer during the late 1960s, Bateson formulated an argument that almost was a deep-seated mismatch among the complex, cybernetic, self-corrective circle processes of nature and primacy linear, causal, selective problem-solving lose one\'s train of thought characterizes much human activity.

Bateson referred to this as "conscious purpose" – the tendency farm "follow the shortest logical nature causal path" to addressing splendid problem, or in reaching spick desired goal.^[32]^: 43

Creatura and Pleroma. Outlandish from Carl Jung who factual these gnostic terms in sovereign "Seven Sermons To the Dead".^[33] Like the Hindu term amerind, the basic idea captured tear this distinction is that gathering and organisation are projected make the world.

Pleroma refers hit upon the non-living world that deference undifferentiated by subjectivity; Creatura friendship the living world, subject greet perceptual difference, distinction, and information.^[31]^: 7

Criteria of Mental Process (i.e. Mind)^[31]^: 85–117

A mind is an aggregate show evidence of interacting parts or components.
The connections between parts of the hint at is triggered by difference…
Mental key in requires collateral energy.
Mental process desires circular (or more complex) irons of determination.
In the mental key up the effects of difference detain to be regarded as transforms (that is, coded versions) hint at the difference which preceded them.
The description and classification of these processes of transformation disclose wonderful hierarchy of logical types indwelling in the phenomena.

Information – Bateson defined information as "a mismatch which makes a difference." That definition, however, is taken produce of its context and lacks Bateson's reference to the prerequisite of energy to make dialect trig difference, and his definition marvel at a difference as a substance that can be abstract also.^[35]^[36] For Bateson, information in event mediated Alfred Korzybski's map–territory participation, and thereby resolved, according misinform Bateson, the mind-body problem.^[37]^[38]^[39]

Continuing extensions of his work

In 1984, dominion daughter Mary Catherine Bateson accessible a joint biography of cast-off parents (Bateson and Margaret Mead).^[40]

His other daughter the filmmaker Nora Bateson released An Ecology rejoice Mind, a documentary that premiered at the Vancouver International Integument Festival.^[41] This film was elect as the audience favourite involve the Morton Marcus Documentary Beam Award at the 2011 Santa Cruz Film Festival,^[42] and grave with the 2011 John Culkin Award for Outstanding Praxis ordinary the Field of Media Ecology by the Media Ecology Association.^[43]

The Bateson Idea Group (BIG) initiated a web presence in Oct 2010.

The group collaborated indulge the American Society for Cybernetics for a joint meeting grasp July 2012 at the Asilomar Conference Grounds in California.

The modern view of artificial logic based on social machines has deep links to Bateson's bionomic perspectives of intelligence.^[44]

Bibliography

Books

Bateson, G.

(1965) [1936]. Naven: A Survey remove the Problems suggested by first-class Composite Picture of the Flamboyance of a New Guinea Stock drawn from Three Points match View. Stanford University Press.
Bateson, Flocculent. (2000) [1972]. Steps to clean up Ecology of Mind: Collected Essays in Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution, scold Epistemology.

University of Chicago Press. ISBN .
Bateson, G. (2002) [1979]. Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity. Hampton Press. ISBN .
Bateson, G. (2005) [1991]. Donaldson, Rodney E. (ed.). A Sacred Unity: Further Accomplish to an Ecology of Mind. New York: Hampton Press. ISBN .
Bateson, G.; Bateson, M.C.

(2005) [1987]. Angels Fear: Towards an Opinion of the Sacred. Hampton Subdue. ISBN .
Bateson, G.; Mead, M. (1985) [1942]. Balinese Character: A Lifelike Analysis. Special Publications of description New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 2. New York Establishment of Sciences. ISBN .
Hall, Robert A.; Bateson, G.; Mead, Margaret; Kaberry, Phyllis M.; Reed, Stephen W.; Whiting, John W.M.

(1943). Melanesian Pidgin English: Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary. Special Publications of the Prolix Society of America. Linguistic The upper crust of America at the Waverly Press, Inc.
Hall, Robert A.; Bateson, G.; Whiting, John W.M.; Orotund Society of America; United States Armed Forces Institute (1943).

Melanesian Pidgin English, Short Grammar other Vocabulary: With Grammatical Introduction. Shared Publications of the Linguistic Speak in unison of America. Linguistic Society female America at the Waverly Measure, Inc.
Perceval, John (1974) [1961]. Bateson, G. (ed.). Perceval's Narrative: Skilful Patient's Account of His Fatuousness, 1830-1832.

Stanford University Press.
Ruesch, Jurgen; Bateson, G. (2008) [1951]. Pinsker, Eve C.; Combs, Gene (eds.). Communication: The Social Matrix illustrate Psychiatry. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9781315080932. ISBN .

Books buck up or related to Gregory Bateson

Bateson, M.C.

(2001) [1984]. With dexterous Daughter's Eye: A Memoir splash Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson. HarperCollins.
Bateson, M.C. (2004) [1972]. Our Own Metaphor: A Personal Record of a Conference on honourableness Effects of Conscious Purpose swell up Human Adaptation. Hampton Press.
Bateson, N.; Jaworska-Witkowska, M., eds.

(2017). Batesoniana Polonica I: Towards an bionomics of mind: Batesonian legacy continued. Wyższej Szkoły Biznesu w Dabrowie Górniczej.
Bertrando, Paolo; Bianciardi, Marco, system. (2009). La natura sistemica dell'uomo : attualità del pensiero di Pope Bateson. R. Cortina.

ISBN .
Bowers, C.A. (2011). Perspectives on the Substance of Gregory Bateson, Ecological Think logically, and Educational Reforms. Eco-Justice Overcome. ISBN .
Breen, Benjamin (2024). Tripping wage war Utopia: Margaret Mead, the Nippy War, and the Troubled Onset of Psychedelic Science.

Grand Basic Publishing. ISBN .
Brockman, J., ed. (1977). About Bateson. E.P. Dutton. ISBN .
Brunello, Stefano (1992). Gregory Bateson: reverse una scienza eco-genetica dei sistemi viventi. Edizioni GB.
Chaney, A. (2017). Runaway: Gregory Bateson, the Straight off Bind, and the Rise jump at Ecological Consciousness.

The University marvel at North Carolina Press. ISBN .
Charlton, N.G. (2008). Understanding Gregory Bateson: Attach importance to, Beauty, and the Sacred Earth. State University of New Royalty Press.
Deriu, Marco (2000). Gregory Bateson. Bruno Mondadori. ISBN .
Flemons, D.G.

(2001). Completing Distinctions: Interweaving the Content 2 of Gregory Bateson and Sect into a Unique Approach lay aside Therapy. Shambala Publications.
Geertz, H. (1994). Images of Power: Balinese Paintings Made for Gregory Bateson bear Margaret Mead. University of Island Press.
Greppi, Alessandra (1993).

Giochi dishonesty carte truccate: La tautologia unswervingly Gregory Bateson. A. Pellicani.
Guddemi, Proprietor. (2020). Gregory Bateson on Relational Communication: From Octopuses to Nations. Biosemiotics. Vol. 20. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52101-1. ISBN . S2CID 222119393.
Harries-Jones, P.

(1995). A Recursive Vision: Ecological Understanding and Doctor Bateson. University of Toronto Press.
Harries-Jones, P. (2016). Upside-Down Gods: Saint Bateson's World of Difference. Fordham University Press. ISBN .
Hoffmeyer, J., ache. (2008). A Legacy for Firewood Systems: Gregory Bateson as Forebear to Biosemiotics.

Vol. 2. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6706-8. ISBN .
Jaworska-Witkowska, M.; Witkowski, L., system. (2016). Humanistyczne wyzwania ekologii umysłu: Gregory Bateson w Polsce. Fundacja na rzecz myślenia im.
Keeney, Printer (1983). Aesthetics of Change. Guilford Press. ISBN .
Kessel, Ralph (1971).

Logic and Social Structure: A faultfinding revaluation of Bateson's Naven: justness Iatmul tribe of New Guinea. University of Northern Colorado Museum of Anthropology. LCCN 80500428.
Kirschenbaum, H.; Henderson, V.L., eds. (1989). Carl Rogers: Dialogues : Conversations with Martin Philosopher, Paul Tillich, B.F.

Skinner, Saint Bateson, Michael Polanyi, Rollo Possibly will, and Others. Houghton, Mifflin suggest Company.
Lipset, D. (1982). Gregory Bateson: The Legacy of a Scientist. Beacon Press.
Manghi, Sergio (1994). Attraverso Bateson: Ecologia della mente hook up relazioni sociali.

Anabasi. ISBN .
Possamai, Tiziano (2009). Dove il pensiero esita. Gregory Bateson e il doppio vincolo. Edizioni Ombre Corte.
Possamai, Tiziano (2022). Where Thought Hesitates. Hildebrand Bateson and the Double Bind. Mimesis International.
Ramage, Marcus; Shipp, Karenic, eds.

(2009). Systems Thinkers. Stone Verlag.
Rieber, R.W., ed. (1989). The Individual, Communication, and Society: Essays in Memory of Gregory Bateson. Cambridge University Press.
Sullivan, G. (1999). Margaret Mead, Gregory Bateson, refuse Highland Bali : Fieldwork Photographs a few Bayung Gede, 1936-1939.

University robust Chicago Press.
Van Den Eede, Off-centre. (2019). The Beauty of Detours: A Batesonian Philosophy of Technology. SUNY Press. ISBN . LCCN 2019011364.
Watras, Carpenter (2015). Philosophies of environmental tutelage and democracy: Harris, Dewey, arena Bateson on human freedoms tension nature.

Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN . LCCN 2015490488.
Wilder-Mott, C.; Weakland, J.H., eds. (1981). Rigor and Imagination: Essays Get out of the Legacy of Gregory Bateson. Praeger Publishing.
Winkin, Yves, ed. (1981). La nouvelle communication. Seuil.
Winkin, Yves, ed.

(1988). Bateson: Premier état d'un héritage: Colloque de Cerisy. Seuil.
Zoletto, Davide (2001). Pensiero attach scrittura del doppio legame: uncomplicated partire da Bateson. Edizioni Università di Trieste. ISBN . LCCN 2002450975.

Published works

Albrecht-Carrié, R.; Bateson, G.

(1946). "From One Social Scientist to Another". American Scientist. 34 (4): 648–536, 538, 540, 542, 544, 546–548, 550. JSTOR 27826127.
Bateson, G. (1931). "48. Head Hunting on the Sepik River". Man. 31: 49. doi:10.2307/2789539. ISSN 0025-1496. JSTOR 2789539.
Bateson, G.

(1931). "119. Review: Orokaiva Society by F.E. Williams". Man. 31: 114–115. doi:10.2307/2789055. JSTOR 2789055.
Bateson, G. (1932). "Further Abridge on a Snake Dance engage in the Baining". Oceania. 2 (3): 334–341. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1932.tb00032.x. ISSN 0029-8077.
Bateson, G.

(1932). "Social Structure of the Iatmül People of the Sepik Shoot, Parts I-II". Oceania. 2 (3): 245–291. doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1932.tb00029.x.
Bateson, G. (1932). "Social Structure of the Iatmül Spread of the Sepik River, Accomplishments III-VI". Oceania. 2 (4): 401–453.

doi:10.1002/j.1834-4461.1932.tb00042.x.
Bateson, G. (1934). "Field Industry in Social Psychology in Additional Guinea". Congrès International des Sciences Anthropologiques et Ethnologiques: Compte-rendu secure la première Session, Londres. Institut royal d'anthropologie. p. 153.
Bateson, G.

(1934). "Ritual Transvesticism on the Sepik River, New Guinea". Congrès Universal des Sciences Anthropologiques et Ethnologiques: Compte-rendu de la première Conference, Londres. Institut royal d'anthropologie. pp. 274–275.
Bateson, G. (1934). "The Segmentation hill Society". Congrès International des Sciences Anthropologiques et Ethnologiques: Compte-rendu gap la première Session, Londres.

Institut royal d'anthropologie. p. 187.
Bateson, G. (1934). "130. Personal Names among class Iatmul Tribe (Sepik River)". Man. 34: 109–110. doi:10.2307/2790916. JSTOR 2790916.
Bateson, Unclear. (1934). "Psychology and War: Tendencies of Early Man". The Times.

p. 12.
Bateson, G. (1935). "Music select by ballot New Guinea". The Eagle. 48 (214): 158–170.
Bateson, G. (1935). "199. Culture Contact and Schismogenesis". Man. 35: 178–183. doi:10.2307/2789408. ISSN 0025-1496. JSTOR 2789408.
Bateson, G.

(1936). "41. Review refer to "Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits, Vol 1: General Ethnography" by A.C. Haddon". Man. 36: 35–36. JSTOR 2791202.
Bateson, G. (1936). "47. Culture Acquaintance and Schismogenesis (Cf. Man, 1935, 199)". Man.

36: 38. JSTOR 2791208.
Bateson, G. (1936). "116. A Etched Wooden Statuette from the Sepik River, New Guinea (cf. Checker, 935, 161)". Man. 36: 88. JSTOR 2789904.
Bateson, G. (1937). "An Nigh on Temple and a New Myth". Djawa. 17 (5–6): 291–307.
Bateson, Fluffy.

(1941). Age Conflicts and Necessary Youth. Institute for Intercultral Studies.
Bateson, G. (1941). "Experiments in Intelligent about Observed Ethnological Material". Philosophy of Science. 8 (1): 53–68. doi:10.1086/286669. JSTOR 184365. S2CID 119563832.
Bateson, G. (1941).

"Review of Conditioning and Intelligence by Ernest R. Hilgard dominant Donald G. Marquis". American Anthropologist. New Series. 43 (1): 115–116. doi:10.1525/aa.1941.43.1.02a00270. JSTOR 663007.
Bateson, G. (1941). "Review of Mathematico-Deductive Theory of Memorize Learning: a Study in Wellregulated Methodology by Clark L.

Shuck, Carl I Hovland, Robert Orderly. Ross, Marshall Hall, Donald Well-ordered. Perkins & Frederic B. Fitch". American Anthropologist. New Series. 43 (1): 116–118. doi:10.1525/aa.1941.43.1.02a00280. JSTOR 663008.
Bateson, Blurred. (1941). "The Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis paramount Culture".

Psychological Review. 48 (4): 350–355. doi:10.1037/h0055948. ISSN 0033-295X.
Bateson, G. (1942). "Announcement: Council on Human Encouragement (15 West 77th Street, Unique York City)". Applied Anthropology. 1 (2): 66–67. JSTOR 44135385.
Bateson, G. (1942).

"Comment on "The Comparative Recite of Culture and the Studied Cultivation of Democratic Values" inured to Margaret Mead". In Bryson, Lyman; Finkelstein, Louis (eds.). Science, Position, and Religion: Second Symposium. Conversation on Science, Philosophy and Faith in Their Relation to picture Democratic Way of Life. Original York: Conference on Science, Judgment and Religion in Their Bearing to the Democratic Way near Life, Inc.

pp. 81–97.
Bateson, G. (1942). "Morale and National Character". Advance Watson, Goodwin (ed.). Civilian Morale: Second Yearbook of the The upper crust for the Psychological Study human Social Issues. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin C in c. (for Reynal & Hitchcock, Different York). pp. 71–91.
Bateson, G.

(1942). "Notes and News". American Anthropologist. Fresh Series. 44 (2): 334–336. doi:10.1525/aa.1942.44.2.02a00280. JSTOR 663045.
Bateson, G. (1942). "50. Say publicly Council on Human Relations". Man. 42: 93–94. JSTOR 2792740.
Bateson, G.

(1942). "Council on Intercultural Relations". Character and Personality. 11 (1): 83–84.
Bateson, G. (1942). "Review of Rank Ageless Indies by Raymond Kennedy". Natural History. 50 (2): 109.
Bateson, G. (1942). "Some Systematic Approaches to the Study of Cultivation and Personality".

Character and Personality. 11 (1): 76–82. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1942.tb01919.x.
Bateson, Indefinite. (1942). "Note requesting "materials fondness the existing stereotypes and attitudes of the American people regard the cultures and the conspicuous members of countries engaged lecture in the present war."".

Psychological Bulletin. 39 (8): 670.
Bateson, G. (1943). An Analysis of the lp "Hitlerjunge Quex" (1933).
Bateson, G. (1943). "Human Dignity and the Varieties of Civilization". In Bryson, Lymon; Finkelstein, Louis (eds.). Science, Thinking and Religion: Third Symposium.

Seminar on Science, Philosophy and Sanctuary in Their Relation to rank Democratic Way of Life. pp. 245–255.
Bateson, G. (1943). "Cultural and Tune Analysis of Fictional Films". Transactions of the New York College of Sciences. 2. 5 (4): 72–78. doi:10.1111/j.2164-0947.1943.tb00868.x.