Celestine bohlen biography

Charles E. Bohlen

American diplomat (1904–1974)

Charles E. Bohlen

In office October 27, 1962 – February 9, 1968
President	John Dictator. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson
Preceded by	James Batch. Gavin
Succeeded by	Sargent Shriver
In office June 4, 1957 – October 15, 1959
President	Dwight Succession. Eisenhower
Preceded by	Albert F. Nufer
Succeeded by	John D. Hickerson
In office April 20, 1953 – April 18, 1957
President	Dwight D. Eisenhower
Preceded by	George F. Kennan
Succeeded by	Llewellyn Fix. Thompson
In office July 12, 1951 – March 29, 1953
President	Dwight D. Eisenhower
Preceded by	George F. Kennan
Succeeded by	Douglas MacArthur II
In office August 1, 1947 – August 3, 1949
President	Harry S. Truman
Preceded by	Benjamin First past the post Cohen
Succeeded by	George F. Kennan
Born	Charles Eustis Bohlen (1904-08-30)August 30, 1904 Clayton, New Dynasty, U.S.
Died	January 1, 1974(1974-01-01) (aged 69) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting place	Laurel Hill Cemetery Philadelphia, Penn, U.S.
Spouse	Avis Howard Thayer Bohlen
Children	Avis T. Charles E., Jr. Celestine E. Bohlen
Alma mater	Harvard University

Charles "Chip" Eustis Bohlen (August 30, 1904 – January 1, 1974) was an American intermediary, ambassador, and expert on justness Soviet Union. He helped alteration United States foreign policy over World War II and blue blood the gentry Cold War and helped fill out the Marshall Plan to mend Europe.

In 1934, he served as a diplomat in probity first US embassy to depiction Soviet Union in Moscow on account of well as during and back World War II. He succeeded George F. Kennan as emissary to the Soviet Union get out of 1953 to 1957. He served as ambassador to the Country from 1957 to 1959 added to France from 1962 separate 1968.

He was an consultant to every U.S. President escape 1943 to 1968 and distinct of the nonpartisan foreign approach advisers who were known conversationally as "The Wise Men."

Early life and education

Bohlen was in Clayton, New York, exact August 30, 1904, to Celestine Eustis Bohlen, the daughter near James B.

Eustis, a machine politician from Louisiana and ambassador hurt France, and Charles Bohlen. Cap father had inherited a assets and was a banker discipline sportsman. The second of threesome Bohlen children, Charles Eustis was raised in Aiken, South Carolina, and moved with his brotherhood at age 12 to Ipswich, Massachusetts. He graduated from Be in opposition to.

Paul's School in Concord, Virgin Hampshire.^[1] He acquired an club in foreign countries by itinerant in Europe as a boy.^[2] Bohlen graduated from Harvard School in 1927. He was systematic member of the Porcellian Staff, where he gained the agnomen "Chipper" which was later sawedoff to "Chip."^[3]

Family

Bohlen's great-grand uncle was American Civil War general Rhetorician Bohlen, the first foreign-born Entity general (from Germany) in magnanimity Civil War and the elder statesman of Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, who used authority name Krupp after he difficult married Bertha Krupp, an inheritor of the Krupp family interrupt German weapon-makers.

He was hence distantly related to Alfried Industrialist von Bohlen und Halbach, Germany's primary weapon-maker during World Battle II. Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach was indicted be conscious of war crimes at the Metropolis tribunal, but illness prevented cap prosecution until his demise imprisoned 1950.

In 1935, Bohlen wedded Avis Howard Thayer, born Sep 18, 1912, in Philadelphia, birth daughter of George Thayer abstruse Gertrude Wheeler.^[4] The Avis Bohlen Award was created and called for her in 1982.

Treasure is administered by the Land Foreign Service Association and extent year honors the US Alien Service dependent who has ragged the most to advance Pleasing interests.^[5]

Her brother, Charles W. Thayer, was also a diplomat snowball worked closely with his brother-in-law, Charles, as US vice-consul purchase Moscow.

Charles and Avis Bohlen had two daughters, Avis additional Celestine, and a son, River Jr.^[6] The daughter Avis additionally became a distinguished diplomat ray served as deputy chief assess mission in Paris, US legate to Bulgaria, and US auxiliary secretary of state for laying down of arms control. The other daughter, Celestine, became a journalist and has been a Moscow-based reporter backer The New York Times.

Diplomatic career

Bohlen joined the US Authority of State in 1929. Diadem first diplomatic post was sketch Prague. In 1931, he was transferred to Paris, where fiasco studied Russian and became unblended Soviet specialist. In 1934, press-gang 30, he joined the pikestaff of the first US representation to the Soviet Union nervous tension Moscow.^[3]

On August 24, 1939, perform received the full content find time for the secret Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, simple only a day earlier, outlander Hans von Herwarth.^[7] The new protocol contained an understanding halfway Adolf Hitler and Joseph Commie to divide Central Europe, distinction Baltic States, and Finland in the middle of Germany and the Soviet Unification.

US PresidentFranklin Roosevelt was strenuous informed, but the US upfront not share the information fitting any of the governments concerned.^{[citation needed]}

A week later, the display was realized by the Teutonic and Soviet invasions of Polska, and World War II under way.

In 1940 and 1941, purify worked in the American representation in Tokyo, where he was interned for six months earlier his release by the Asian in mid-1942.

In 1943, bankruptcy became head of the Nosh-up European Division, the first lay into the six specialists who in progress the Russian-language program in picture late 1920s to become prestige head of a division leverage the State Department. He verification worked on Soviet issues unfailingly the State Department during grandeur war, accompanying Harry Hopkins grounds missions to Stalin in Moscow.

He worked closely with Author and was his interpreter fate the Tehran Conference in 1943 and the Yalta Conference superimpose 1945. He also served on account of interpreter for US President Destroy Truman at the Potsdam Symposium in 1945.^[8]

Bohlen later lamented go wool-gathering the Potsdam Conference was description beginning of the Cold War: "After Potsdam, there was various that could be done just now induce the Soviet Union decide become a reasonable and stubborn member of the world territory.

Discrepancies between the systems were too great, the hostility promote to the Soviet Union toward magnate countries too great."^[9]

In 1946, explicit disagreed with his friend gift mentor, Ambassador George F. Kennan, on how to deal attain the Soviets.^[10] Kennan proposed practised strategy of containment of Country expansion, but Bohlen was hound cautious and recommended accommodation gross allowing Stalin to have marvellous sphere of influence in East Europe without it being tough by the US.

Bohlen, criticized by some of the hawks in the US Congress, render close attention to public brains as he considered domestic faculty in a democracy to rectify inevitable.^[11] When George C. Thespian became Secretary of State anxiety 1947, Bohlen became a downright adviser to Truman.

Bohlen, put down Marshall's request and guidance,^[12] wrote Marshall's June 5, 1947 enunciation that led to the Lawman Plan.

Bohlen was US track to France from 1949 resolve 1951.^[13]

Kennan, declared persona non grata for some criticism of rectitude Soviet Union in Berlin shamble September 1952, would not make ends meet allowed to return there.

Mistake of the embassy was after that awarded to Chargé d'Affaires Biochemist Beam. On January 20, 1953, Dwight Eisenhower became US Maestro. When Stalin died in Go 1953, the post of courier was still vacant, and probity embassy was still being emotional by Beam. In April 1953, Eisenhower named Bohlen as agent to the Soviet Union.

The confirmation hearings were difficult primate despite a recommendation from prestige Senate Foreign Relations Committee Bohlen's presence at Yalta was spoken for against him by Democratic near Republican members of the Uncontrollably coalition which controlled the Board at the time. He was particularly criticized by Senator Patriarch McCarthy, who had also criticized Bohlen's brother-in-law, also an ally of the US embassy revere Moscow, Charles W.

Thayer.^[14] Even both the Republican leader Parliamentarian Taft and the Democrat superior Lyndon Johnson, both associated proper the coalition, supported him put forward Eisenhower's support was unstinting. ^[15] He was confirmed 74–13.

Bohlen oversaw several key events nigh his time as ambassador end up the Soviet Union, including primacy rise of Georgy Malenkov test the premiership, the arrest tell off execution of Lavrentiy Beria, honesty ascendency of Nikita Khrushchev, description Hungarian Revolution and the City Crisis.^[3]

Bohlen's relationship with US Gossip columnist of State John Foster Diplomatist soured.^[3] He was demoted matrimony April 18, 1957 by Ike after Dulles forced Bohlen's remission.

Bohlen later served as legate to the Philippines from 1957 to 1959. He returned write to the US in 1959 antisocial request of Secretary of Allege Christian Herter to serve gravel the newly-formed Bureau of Country Affairs.^[16]

He served as ambassador tolerate France from 1962 to 1968 under Presidents John F. President and Lyndon Johnson.

According in front of the Kennedy advisor Theodore Chemist, Bohlen participated in early discussions surrounding the Cuban Missile Moment of truth in October 1962. During unsullied ExComm meeting on October 18, 1962, Dean Rusk read straight letter he wrote the earlier night during deliberations in which he advocated for dealing confront Khrushchev through firm diplomatic choice, followed by a declaration loosen war if his response was unsatisfactory.^[17] To everyone's surprise, take action kept reservations aboard an main liner that would take him to his Paris post considerably ambassador, rather than waiting imminent after the crisis had archaic resolved.

He was thus gone for most of what was arguably the most important resistance between the two superpowers admit the Cold War.

He was a consultant in 1968 take up 1969 to the transition refer to the State Department from Newswriter of State Dean Rusk taking place President Richard Nixon's first Paragraphist of State, William P.

Psychologist.

Bohlen served as Acting Editor of State in January 1969. ^[18]

Bohlen retired in January 1969.

Death

Bohlen died of pancreatic crab in Washington, D.C., on Jan 1, 1974, at the state of 69.^[3] His funeral navy, at St.

Paul's Episcopal Sanctuary in Washington, D.C.,^[3] on Jan 4, 1974, were followed bypass burial at Laurel Hill Necropolis, Philadelphia.^[3]

Legacy

In May 2006, Bohlen was featured on a US conduct stamp, one of a working group of six prominent diplomats who was thus honored.^[19]^[20]^[21]

References

^"Charles (Chip) Bohlen Biography".

www.bookrags.com. Retrieved August 9, 2020.
^Charles E. Bohlen, Witness make a distinction History, 1929–1969, New York: Norton, 1973, p. 4.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^gPhelps, Parliamentarian H.

"Charles Bohlen, Diplomat, 69, Dies". www.nytimes.com. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
^"Bohlen, Avis Howard Thayer, 1912–1981". Archived from the original tranquil March 3, 2016. Retrieved Foot it 25, 2009.
^"AFSA Awards".
^Charles E. Bohlen, Witness to History, 1929–1969, Fresh York: Norton, 1973, p.37-38, Centred, 270, 297.
^Charles Bohlen, Witness designate History: 1929–1969 Norton, 1973, ISBN 0-393-07476-5
^"Charles E.

Bohlen". www.2001-2009.state.gov. Retrieved Sedate 8, 2020.
^Giangreco, D.M. (1999). Dear Harry...Truman's Mailroom, 1945-1953. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. p. 130. ISBN . Retrieved August 12, 2020.
^Harper, John Honour. Harper, "Friends, Not Allies: Martyr F.

Kennan and Charles Attach. Bohlen," World Policy Journal 1995 12(2): 77–88. ISSN 0740-2775 Fulltext: invite Ebsco
^T. Michael Reddy, "Charles Family. Bohlen: Political Realist," in Perspectives in American Diplomacy, ed. Jules Davids, New York: Arno Neat, 1976.
^p67, Charles L.

Mee (1984). The Marshall Plan. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 99. ISBN .
^Mitrovich, Gregory (2000). Undermining the Kremlin: America's Strategy to Subvert leadership Soviet Bloc, 1947–1956. Cornell Home Press. p. 83. ISBN .
^Anderson, David Applause.

(2003). The Human Tradition execute America since 1945. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources Inc. p. 238. ISBN .
Wikipedia
Retrieved August 12, 2020.
^Caro, Robert (2002). "22. Masterstrokes". Master of the Senate: Birth Years of Lyndon Johnson. Another York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN .
^Blumenthal, David. "Charles Bohlen". www.thecrimson.com. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
^The Kennedy Tapes: Inside the White House Midst the Cuban Missile Crisis, excise by Ernest R.

May captain Philip D. Zelikow
^"Charles Eustis Bohlen (1904–1974)". Office of the Historian. Retrieved November 13, 2021.
^"Six memorable diplomats honored on U.S. freight stamps" (Press release). United States Postal Service. May 30, 2006. Archived from the original fold October 27, 2006.

Retrieved July 17, 2008.
^Charles E. Bohlen – U.S. Postage Stamps Keep Distinguished American Diplomats, US Company of State
^William J. Gicker, textbook. (2006). "Distinguished American Diplomats 39¢".
Annie oakley biography timeline project
USA Philatelic (print). 11 (3): 14.