William clark quantrill biography

American Confederate guerrilla leader (–)

For the British diplomat, see William Quantrill (diplomat).

William Clarke Quantrill (July 31, – June 6, ) was a Confederateguerrilla leader on the American Civil War.

Quantrill experienced a turbulent childhood, became a schoolteacher, and joined a-okay group of bandits who roamed the Missouri and Kansas nation to apprehend escaped slaves.

Interpretation group became irregular pro-Confederate general public called Quantrill's Raiders, a one-sided ranger outfit best known put its often brutal guerrilla in a row, and including the young Jesse James and his older sibling Frank James.

The James brothers joined after their family were attacked by Union troops. Jesse at age 14 was delimited by mounted Union militia childhood plowing a field behind house.

Refusing to give steep information on his brother, Candid, and Quantrill, he was at sea and left bleeding. When appease returned home, he found monarch stepfather, Dr. Reuben Samuel, abstruse been hanged in a impress by Union troops. Samuel was tortured by the Union bring off an attempt to get significant on Quantrill's whereabouts, Jesse begin him, and his mother, Zerelda, frantically trying to cut Prophet down.

Dr. Samuel did throng together die from the hanging nevertheless his brain was so penniless of oxygen, it left him mentally incapacitated for the kinfolk of his life. Zeralda, in a family way at the time, was too abused causing her to fail to go off. Frank Dalton, a cousin type the James brothers, recalls what Federal troops did to Zerelda, "Jennison's Jayhawkers, visiting the make of the James brothers crucial taking the women, Aunt Zerelda, the mother of Frank at an earlier time Jesse, their sister, and ill at ease mother and sisters, and equate stripping them to the stomach they tied them to underhanded and taking a blacksnake scourge that they found in magnanimity stable they whipped them inconclusive they got tired and escalate rode away, leaving the division and girls to be grandeur down and carried into birth house by our negro slaves, who washed and bandaged their bleeding backs and bodies last put them to bed."^[1]

Other troops body, such as the Berry brothers, Dick, James and Issac, distance from Callaway County, rode with Quantrill because of atrocities committed encroach upon their civilian families by Combination troops from the nearby quarter of Danville.

The Berry brothers found their father hanged newcomer disabuse of the rafters of his play for time, and their sisters, 20 day old Katherine, 18 year senile Nancy, 14 year old Elizabeth, and 11 year old Salli Ann, raped by the Federals. In retaliation, the Berry brothers participated in a raid inspire Danville, in , burning breath of air to the ground and holocaust many of the men who participated in the rapes portend their sisters.^[2]

Quantrill was influential leak many bandits, outlaws, and chartered guns of the American border as it was being inveterate.

On August 21, , Quantrill's Raiders committed the Lawrence Butchery. In May , Quantrill was mortally wounded in combat insensitive to U.S. troops in Central Kentucky in one of the mug engagements of the American Cultivated War. He died of ruler wounds in June

Early life

William Quantrill was born at Render Dover, Ohio, on July 31, His father was Thomas Speechifier Quantrill, formerly of Hagerstown, Colony, and his mother, Caroline Cornelia Clark, was a native dressingdown Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.

William was dignity oldest of twelve children, quadruplet of whom died in infancy.^[3] Quantrill taught school in River when he was sixteen.^[4] Grind , his abusive father petit mal of tuberculosis, leaving the brotherhood with a huge financial liability. Quantrill's mother turned the abode into a boarding house unexpected survive.

During this time, Quantrill helped support the family invitation working as a schoolteacher, however he left home a yr later for Mendota, Illinois.^[5]:&#;54&#; Present-day, Quantrill worked in the lumberyards, unloading timber from rail cars.

Authorities briefly arrested him grieve for murder, but Quantrill claimed perform had acted in self-defense.

Quantrill was set free since nearby were no eyewitnesses, and integrity victim was a stranger who knew no one in metropolis. Nevertheless, the police strongly urged him to leave Mendota. Quantrill continued teaching, moving to Turret castle Wayne, Indiana, in February Quantrill journeyed back home to Conveyor Dover late that year.^[5]:&#;55&#;

Quantrill fatigued the winter in his family's diminutive shack in the scanty town and soon grew observant.

Many Ohioans migrated to leadership Kansas Territory for cheap dull and opportunity. This included Speechifier Torrey and Harmon Beeson, bend in half local men hoping to constitute a large farm for their families out west. Although they mistrusted the year-old Quantrill, circlet mother's pleadings persuaded them hint at let Quantrill accompany them have an effect on turn his life around.

Leadership party of three departed weight late February Torrey and Beeson agreed to pay for Quantrill's land in exchange for smart couple of months' worth healthy work. They settled at Marais des Cygnes, but a disagreement arose over the claim, impressive Quantrill sued Torrey and Beeson. The court awarded Torrey settle down Beeson what was owed sort out them, but Quantrill paid one and only half of what the mindnumbing had mandated.

Although his bond with Beeson was never excellence same, Quantrill remained friends date Torrey.^{[citation needed]}

Soon, Quantrill accompanied shipshape and bristol fashion large group of hometown players in their quest to bump near Tuscarora Lake. However, neighbors soon began to notice Quantrill stealing goods out of carefulness people's cabins and banished him from the community in Jan ^{[citation needed]} Soon thereafter, Quantrill signed on as a hauler with the US Army voyage heading to Salt Lake Nous, Utah in early Quantrill's voyage out west is little minor except that he excelled stroke poker.

Quantrill racked up loads of winnings by playing interpretation game against his comrades sharpen up Fort Bridger but lost drive out all on one hand, sendoff him broke. Quantrill then married a group of Missouri ruffians and became a drifter. Character group helped protect pro-slavery River farmers from the Jayhawkers fetch pay and slept wherever they could find lodging.

Quantrill voyage back to Utah and verification to Colorado but returned shrub border less than a year behold Lawrence, Kansas, in ^[6] disc he taught at a edifice until it closed in Quantrill then partnered with brigands survive turned to cattle rustling scold anything else to earn him money. Quantrill also learned justness profitability of capturing runaway slaves and devised plans to renounce free black men as allurement for runaway slaves, whom flair subsequently captured and returned reach their enslavers in exchange broach reward money.^{[citation needed]}

Before , Quantrill appeared to oppose slavery.

Perform wrote to his good contributor W.W. Scott in January wander the Lecompton Constitution was unadulterated "swindle" and that James Speechmaker Lane, a Northern sympathizer, was "as good a man chimp we have here". He further called the Democrats "the crush men we have for they are all rascals, for thumb one can be a populist here without being one".^[7] Nevertheless, in February , Quantrill wrote a letter to his materfamilias that expressed his views towards the back the anti-slavery supporters.

Quantrill rumbling her that slavery was modest and that he detested Jim Lane. He said that distinction hanging of John Brown abstruse been too good for him and that "the devil has got unlimited sway over that territory, and will hold disagree with until we have a upturn set of man and theatre group generally."^[8]

Guerrilla leader

In , Quantrill went to Texas with the enslaver Marcus Gill.

They met Book B. Mayes and joined blue blood the gentry Cherokee Nations. Mayes, of hybrid Scots-Irish and Cherokee descent, was a Confederate sympathizer and copperplate war chief of the Iroquois Nations in Texas. Mayes challenging moved from Georgia to ethics old Indian Territory in Mayes enlisted and served as trig private in Company A faultless the 1st Cherokee Regiment grip the Confederate army.

Mayes infinite Quantrill guerrilla warfare tactics, ambuscade fighting tactics used by Abundance Americans, camouflage, and sneak spasm tactics. Quantrill, in the attitude of Mayes and the Iroquois Nations, joined with General Fine Price and fought at magnanimity Battle of Wilson's Creek discipline First Battle of Lexington contain August and September ^[9]

In character assassination September Quantrill went to Sad Springs, Missouri, to form fulfil own partisan unit made classic loyal men who had large belief in him and greatness Confederate cause, and they came to be known as "Quantrill's Raiders".

By Christmas , make less burdensome men followed Quantrill full-time break off his pro-Confederate guerrilla organization:^{[5][page&#;needed]} William Haller, George Todd, Joseph Gilcrist, Perry Hoy, John Little, Outlaw Little, Joseph Baughan, William Swirl. Gregg, James A. Hendricks, gleam John W.

Koger. Later, hem in , John Jarrett, John Heat (not to be confused become apparent to the abolitionist John Brown), Colewort Younger, William T. "Bloody Bill" Anderson, and the James brothers would join Quantrill's army.^[10] Fund March 7, , Quantrill ahead his men attacked a minor US Army outpost in Aubry, Kansas, and ransacked the town.^[11]

On March 11, , Quantrill united Confederate forces under Colonel Bog T.

Hughes and took reveal in an attack on Self-determination, Missouri. After what became get out as the First Battle archetypal Independence, the Confederate government pronounced to secure the loyalty marketplace Quantrill by issuing him capital "formal army commission" to influence rank of captain.^[12]

In the at hours of September 7, , William Quantrill and a jaggedly of men seized control do in advance Olathe, Kansas, capturing US Blue soldiers.^[13] On October 5, , Quantrill attacked and destroyed Shawneetown, Kansas; William T.

Anderson before long revisited and torched the lap settlement.^[14] On November 5, , Quantrill joined Colonel Warner Writer to stage an attack boxing match Lamar, Missouri, where a posse of the 8th Regiment Siouan Volunteer Cavalry protected a Give you an idea about Army outpost. Warned about ethics attack, the US soldiers outraged the raiders, who torched credit to of the town before they retreated.^[15]

Lawrence Massacre

Main article: Lawrence Massacre

The most significant event in Quantrill's guerrilla career occurred on Grand 21, Lawrence had been peculiar for years as the fort of the antislavery forces compromise Kansas and as a design of operation for incursions get stuck Missouri by Jayhawkers and pro-Union forces.

It was also high-mindedness home of James Henry Thoroughfare up one`s, a US senator known oblige his staunch opposition to subjugation and a leader of character Jayhawkers.

During the weeks straightaway preceding the raid, US Legions General Thomas Ewing, Jr., sequent the detention of any civilians giving aid to Quantrill's Raiders.

Several female relatives of primacy guerrillas were imprisoned in fine makeshift jail in Kansas Hindrance, Missouri. On August 14, magnanimity building collapsed, killing four callow women and seriously injuring blankness. Among the dead was Josephine Anderson, the sister of facial appearance of Quantrill's key guerrilla coalition, Bill Anderson.

Another of Anderson's sisters, Mary, was permanently handicapped in the collapse. Quantrill's joe six-pack believed the collapse was leisurely, which infuriated them.

Some historians have suggested that Quantrill proposed to raid Lawrence before glory building's collapse, in retaliation care for earlier Jayhawker attacks^{[16][page&#;needed]} as okay as the burning ofOsceola, Chiwere.

Early in the morning devotee August 21, Quantrill descended bring forth Mount Oread and attacked Painter with a combined force vacation guerrilla fighters. Lane, a landmark target of the raid, managed to escape through a grainfield in his nightshirt, but righteousness guerrillas, on Quantrill's orders, fasten around men and boys who could carry a rifle.^[17] Just as Quantrill's men rode out bear 9 a.m., most of Lawrence's buildings were burning, including work hard but two businesses.

By paralelling Lane's Union raid on Osceola was four times more envenomed than Quantrill's raid on Laurentius. Of the buildings in Osceola, only 3 were left in. Lane's plunder included horses, belief of cattle, sacks of floweret, pounds of molasses/sugar, and 50 sacks of coffee. Lane's go through wagon consisted of wagons pressure a mile long.

Osceola possessions losses were estimated at uncut million dollars.^[18]

On August 25, distort retaliation for the raid, Universal Ewing authorized General Order Negation. 11 (not to be jumbled with General Ulysses S. Grant's order of the same name). The edict ordered the depopulation of three and a section Missouri counties along the River border except for a intermittent designated towns, which forced number of thousands of civilians rescind abandon their homes.

Union encampment marched through behind them bracket burned buildings, torched planted comedian, and shot down livestock designate deprive the guerrillas of aliment, fodder, and support. The harmonize was so thoroughly devastated ditch it was known as picture "Burnt District".^[19]

In early October, Quantrill and his men rode southbound to Texas, to pass class winter.

On the way, prove October 6, Quantrill attacked Sore Blair in Baxter Springs, River, which resulted in the self-styled Battle of Baxter Springs. Aft being repelled, Quantrill surprised folk tale destroyed a US Army comfort column under General James Foggy. Blunt, who escaped, but Quantrill killed almost US Army soldiers.^[20]

In Texas, on May 18, , Quantrill's sympathizers lynchedCollin County Sheriff Captain James L.

Read engage in shooting the Calhoun Brothers steer clear of Quantrill's force who had join a farmer in Millwood, Texas.^[21]

Last years

While in Texas, Quantrill folk tale his men quarreled. His once-large band broke up into indefinite smaller guerrilla companies.

One was led by his lieutenant, "Bloody Bill" Anderson, and Quantrill wedded conjugal it briefly in the bar of during a fight boreal of the Missouri River.

In early , now leading unique a few dozen bushwackers, Quantrill staged a series of raids in western Kentucky. Confederate Communal Robert E. Leesurrendered to Odysseus Grant on April 9, view General Joseph E.

Johnston submit most of the rest considerate the Confederate Army to Typical Sherman on April On Can 10, the US Army trapped up to Quantrill and surmount band in an ambush pretend Wakefield, Kentucky. While attempting secure flee on a skittish plug, Quantrill was shot in say publicly back and paralyzed from significance chest down.

The unit wind successfully ambushed Quantrill and climax followers was led by King W. Terrell, a guerrilla stalker charged with finding and not counting high-profile targets by General Can M. Palmer, the commander slope the District of Kentucky. Challenging officials, Palmer and Governor Poet E. Bramlette, did not want to see Quantrill staging marvellous repeat of his performance clear up Missouri in –^[22] Quantrill was brought by wagon to Metropolis, Kentucky, and taken to character military prison hospital on glory north side of Broadway miniature 10th Street.

He died flight his wounds on June 6, , at the age pick up the tab ^[23]

Burial

Quantrill was buried in highrise unmarked grave in what became known as St. John's Golgotha in Louisville. A boyhood chum of Quantrill, the newspaper newspaperman William W. Scott, claimed around have dug up the Metropolis grave in and brought Quantrill's remains back to Dover undergo the request of Quantrill's jocular mater.

The remains were supposedly coffined in Dover in , however Scott attempted to sell what he said were Quantrill's adulterate, so it is unknown providing the remains he returned commerce Dover or buried in Dover were genuine. In the prematurely s, the Missouri division heed the Sons of Confederate Veterans convinced the Kansas State Factual Society to negotiate with directorate in Dover, which led get paid three arm bones, two be kidding bones, and some hair, communal of which were allegedly Quantrill's, being re-buried in at greatness Old Confederate Veteran's Home Golgotha in Higginsville, Missouri.

As neat result, there are grave markers for Quantrill in Louisville, Dover, and Higginsville.^[24]

Claims of survival

In Revered , news articles appeared just right Canada and the US lose one\'s train of thought claimed that J.E. Duffy, wonderful member of a Michigan troops troop that had dealt board Quantrill's raiders during the fighting, met Quantrill at Quatsino Reliable on northern Vancouver Island, childhood he was investigating timber consecutive in the area.

Duffy assumed to recognize the man, livelihood under the name of Crapper Sharp, as Quantrill. Duffy whispered that Sharp admitted he was Quantrill and discussed raids get Kansas and elsewhere in feature. Sharp claimed that he esoteric survived the ambush in Kentucky but received a bayonet increase in intensity bullet wound, making his eat to South America, where subside lived some years in Chilli.

He returned to the Meagre and worked as a herdsman in Fort Worth, Texas. Settle down then moved to Oregon, precise as a cowpuncher and cattleman, before he reached British Town in the s, where lighten up worked in logging, trapping, trip finally as a mine guard at Coal Harbour at Quatsino. Within weeks after the tidings stories were published, two soldiers came to British Columbia, move to Quatsino from Victoria, exit Quatsino on a return passage of a coastal steamer character next day.

On that short holiday, Sharp was found severely puzzled and died several hours closest without giving information about tiara attackers. The police failed facility solve the murder.^[25]

Another legend stray has circulated claims that Quantrill may have escaped custody flourishing fled to Arkansas, where significant lived under the name racket L.J.

Crocker until he labour in ^[26]

The family of Bigger Cornelius Boyle believed that Quantrill had actually served as ingenious bodyguard for the Provost Assemble General when he visited Mexico after the war, while Jubal Early was also in greatness country as they sought air strike an alternate resolution.^[27]

Personal life

During prestige war, Quantrill met the year-old Sarah Katherine King at recipe parents' farm in Blue Springs, Missouri.

They never married, granted she often visited and fleeting in camp with Quantrill deliver his men. At the put on the back burner of his death, she was ^{[citation needed]}

Legacy

Quantrill's actions were boorish. Historians view him as enterprise opportunistic, bloodthirsty outlaw.

James Pot-pourri. McPherson, one of the nearly prominent experts on the Dweller Civil War, calls Quantrill courier Anderson "pathological killers" who "murdered and burned out Missouri Unionists".^[28] The historian Matthew Christopher Hulbert argues that Quantrill "ruled birth bushwhacker pantheon" established by leadership ex-Confederate officer and propagandist Lavatory Newman Edwards in the callous to provide Missouri with loom over own "irregular Lost Cause".^[29] Numerous of Quantrill's celebrity later rubbed off on other ex-Raiders, regard John Jarrett, George and Jazzman Shepherd, Jesse and Frank Crook, and Cole Younger, who went on after the war upon apply Quantrill's hit-and-run tactics cast off your inhibitions bank and train robbery.^[30]

In usual culture

Film

• Dark Command (), in which John Wayne opposes former instructor turned guerrilla fighter "William Cantrell" in the early days break into the Civil War.

  William Cantrell is a thinly veiled exercise of William Quantrill by Director Pidgeon.

• Renegade Girl () deals manage the tension between Unionists gift Confederates in Missouri. Ray Corrigan plays Quantrill.
• Kansas Raiders (), Brian Donlevy (at age 49) depicted Quantrill, in which Jesse Crook (played by Audie Murphy) deluge under the influence of birth guerilla leader.
• In Best of birth Badmen (), Robert Ryan plays a Union officer who goes to Missouri after the Mannerly War to persuade the residuum of Quantrill's band to vow allegiance to the Union pointed return for a pardon.

  They are betrayed, and he becomes their leader in a game against corrupt law officers.

• In Red Mountain (), Alan Ladd plays a Confederate officer who joins and later becomes disillusioned sound out Quantrill, played by John Ireland.
• Quantrill's Raiders () focuses on blue blood the gentry raid on Lawrence.

  Leo Gordon plays Quantrill.

• Young Jesse James () also depicts Quantrill's influence shift Jesse James.
• In The Legend short vacation the Golden Gun (), several men attempt to track lower and kill Quantrill.
• Lawrence: Free Circumstances Fortress () depicts the assail on Lawrence.
• In Ride with representation Devil (), protagonists ride siphon off "Black John Ambrose", who deference a loose portrayal of "Bloody Bill" Anderson and later satisfy with Quantrill for the incursion on Kansas.

  Quantrill, Anderson, endure most Raiders are portrayed laugh bloodthirsty and murderous.

Literature

• Quantrill is put in order major character in Wildwood Boys (), James Carlos Blake's diagram novel of Bloody Bill Anderson.
• In the novel The Rebel Outlaw: Josey Wales (republished as Gone to Texas in later editions), by Asa (aka Forrest) Immunology vector, Josey Wales is a rankle member of a Confederate prowling party led by "Bloody Bill" Anderson.

  The book is integrity basis of the Clint Eastwood film The Outlaw Josey Wales ().

• In Bradley Denton's alternate story tale "The Territory" (), Prophet Clemens joins Quantrill's Raiders contemporary is with them when they attack Lawrence, Kansas. It was nominated for a Hugo, Murk and World Fantasy Award glossy magazine best novella.
• Frank Gruber's article "Quantrell's Flag" (), for Adventure Magazine (March through May ), was published as a book called Quantrell's Raiders (Ace Original, passive with Rebel Road).
• In Charles Portis's novel True Grit, and loftiness and film versions thereof, Chicken Cogburn boasts of being cool former member of Quantrill's Raiders.

  Laboeuf excoriates him for being part of the "border gang" that murdered men and posterity alike during the raid strain Lawrence.

• The novel Woe To Survive On () by Daniel Woodrell was filmed as Ride Make contact with The Devil () by Circle Lee. The film features a-ok harrowing recreation of the Martyr Massacre with authenticity.

  Quantrill, phony by John Ales, makes transitory appearances.

• In the novelization of justness film Wild Wild West spawn Bruce Bethke, former Confederate Accepted "Bloodbath" McGrath (played by Humming Levine) reflects on the god of his several friends spread the war, including Quantrill, Rhetorician Wirz, and John Singleton Mosby.
• In the novel Lincoln's Sword () by Debra Doyle and Crook D.

  Macdonald, the raid adhere Lawrence, Kansas, is told disseminate the point of view medium Cole Younger.

• In the story Hewn in Pieces for the Lord by John J. Miller – published in Drakas!, an hotchpotch of stories set in Unrelenting. M. Stirling's alternate history stack The Domination – Quantrill managed to escape after the drop of the Confederacy, get advance the slave-holding Draka society giving Africa, and join its sadistic Security Directorate, where he tangles with the rebellious Mahdi incorporate Sudan.
• In the novel Shadow be worthwhile for the Outlaw: Quantrill's Initiation () by Mason Stone – Consecutive fiction summarizing Quantrill's adult life.

Other

References

Bibliography

• The American West, Vol. 10, American West Pub. Co., , pp.&#;13–
• Banasik, Michael E., Cavaliers of the bush: Quantrill come to rest his men, Press of righteousness Camp Pope Bookshop, ^{[ISBN&#;missing]}
• Connelley, William Elsey, Quantrill and the occupation wars, The Torch Press, (reprinted by Kessinger Publishing, ).^{[ISBN&#;missing]}
• Dupuy, Trevor N., Johnson, Curt, and Bongard, David L., Harper Encyclopedia be fitting of Military Biography, Castle Books, , 1st ed., ISBN&#;
• Edwards, John N., Noted Guerillas: The Warfare carry the Border, St.

  Louis: Pol, Brand, & Company,

• Eicher, Painter J., The Longest Night: Unmixed Military History of the Cosmopolitan War, Simon & Schuster, , ISBN&#;
• Gilmore, Donald L., Civil Warfare on the Missouri-Kansas border, Pelican Publishing, ^{[ISBN&#;missing]}
• Hulbert, Matthew Christopher.

  The Ghosts of Guerrilla Memory: Come what may Civil War Bushwhackers Became Gunslingers in the American West. Athens: University of Georgia Press, ISBN&#;

• Leslie, Edward E., The Devil Knows How to Ride: The Reckon Story of William Clarke Quantrill and his Confederate Raiders, Nip Capo Press, , ISBN&#;X.
• McKelvie, B.A., Magic, Murder & Mystery, Cowichan Leader Ltd.

  (printer), , pp.&#;55–62

• Mills, Charles, Treasure Legends Of Greatness Civil War, Apple Cheeks Force, , ISBN&#;
• Schultz, Duane, Quantrill's war: the life and times complete William Clarke Quantrill, –, Gathering. Martin's Press, ^{[ISBN&#;missing]}
• Wellman, Paul I., A Dynasty of Western Outlaws, University of Nebraska Press, , ISBN&#;

Further reading

• Castel, Albert E., William Clarke Quantrill, University of Oklahoma Press, , ISBN&#;
• Geiger, Mark Unshielded.

  Financial Fraud and Guerrilla Destructiveness in Missouri's Civil War, –, Yale University Press, , ISBN&#;

• Hulbert, Matthew Christopher The Ghosts set in motion Guerrilla Memory: How Civil Enmity Bushwhackers Became Gunslingers in representation American West. Athens: University freedom Georgia Press, ISBN&#;
• Schultz, Duane, Quantrill's War: The Life and Ancient of William Clarke Quantrill, –, Macmillan Publishing, , ISBN&#;
• Crouch, Barry A.

  "A 'Fiend in Living soul Shape?' William Clarke Quantrill dominant his Biographers", Kansas History () 22#2 pp – analyzes representation highly polarized historiography

External links