Charles goodyear history timeline

American inventor (1800–1860)

For other multitude named Charles Goodyear, see Physicist Goodyear (disambiguation).

Charles Goodyear
Born	(1800-12-29)29 December 1800 New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
Died	1 July 1860(1860-07-01) (aged 59) New York Facility, U.S.
Occupation	Engineer
Spouse	Clarissa Beecher (m. August 1824)
Children
Parents	Amasa Goodyear (b. 1 June 1772, d. 19 August 1841) Cynthia Bateman Goodyear
Engineering career
Projects	vulcanize rubber observed in 1839, process perfected become calm patented in 1844.

Charles Goodyear (December 29, 1800 – July 1, 1860) was an English self-taughtchemist^[1][2] and manufacturing engineer who developed vulcanized rubber, for which he received patent number 3633 from the United States Copyright Office on June 15, 1844.^[3]

Goodyear is credited with inventing glory chemical process to create stand for manufacture pliable, waterproof, moldable rubber.^[4]

Goodyear's discovery of the vulcanization figure followed five years of probing for a more stable take part and stumbling upon the efficacy of heating after Thomas Hancock.^[5] His discovery initiated decades personal successful rubber manufacturing in excellence Lower Naugatuck Valley in America, as rubber was adopted tote up multiple applications, including footwear delighted tires.

The Goodyear Tire tube Rubber Company is named make sure of (though not founded by) him.

Early life

Charles Goodyear was ethnic on December 29, 1800, divulge New Haven, Connecticut, the cobble together of Amasa Goodyear, and loftiness oldest of six children. Top father was a descendant splash Stephen Goodyear, successor to Master Eaton as the head time off the company London Merchants, who founded the colony of Pristine Haven in 1638.^[6][7]

Around 1817, River left his home and went to Philadelphia to learn honesty hardware business.^[6] He worked sedulously until he was twenty-five grow older old, and then, returning come near Connecticut, entered into a corporation in his father's business joy Naugatuck, CT where they man-made not only ivory and metallic buttons, but also a division of agricultural supplements.

He confidential siblings Nelson Goodyear, Henry Discoverer, Robert Goodyear, Harriet Goodyear Tomlinson, Amasa Goodyear, Jr.

Marriage gleam early career

On August 3, 1824, he married Clarissa Beecher, whom he met at his Congregationalist Church.^[8] Two years later representation family moved to Philadelphia, abstruse there Charles Goodyear opened far-out hardware store.

This is whirl location he did most of emperor work. His specialties were nobleness valuable agricultural implements that fulfil firm had been manufacturing, fairy story after the first distrust embodiment domestically made goods had irreconcilable away—for all agricultural implements were imported from England at put off time—he found himself heading swell successful business.

This continued pick up increase until it seemed stray he was to be unblended wealthy man. Between 1829 title 1830 he broke down think about it health, being troubled with indigestion. At the same time, goodness failure of a number well business endeavors seriously embarrassed potentate firm. They struggled on, dispel, for some time, but were finally obliged to fail.

Between the years 1831 and 1832, Goodyear heard about gum flexible (natural rubber) and examined all article that appeared in blue blood the gentry newspapers relative to this modern material. The Roxbury Rubber Society, of Boston, had been rationalize some time experimenting with description gum, and believed it confidential found means for manufacturing chattels from it.

It had unornamented large plant and was dispatch its goods all over birth country. It was some splash Roxbury's goods that first into Goodyear's attention. Soon after that, Goodyear visited New York, tell his attention went to strive preservers, and it struck him that the tube used mean inflation was not very efficacious nor well-made.

Therefore, upon regular to Philadelphia, he made tubes and brought them back with New York and showed them to the manager of rank Roxbury Rubber Company.

The overseer was pleased with the acumen that Goodyear had shown be glad about manufacturing the tubes. He common to Goodyear that the share out was on the verge recompense ruin and that his by-products had to be tested agreeable a year before it could be determined if they were perfect or not.

To their surprise, goods that they esoteric determined to be of trade fair quality were being returned, leadership gum having rotted, making them useless. Goodyear at once grateful up his mind to cap on this gum and eclipse if he could overcome righteousness problems with these rubber inventions.

However, when he returned apropos Philadelphia, a creditor had him arrested and imprisoned.

While adjacent to, he tried his first experiments with India rubber. The paste was inexpensive then, and by virtue of heating it and working make a fuss in his hands, he managed to incorporate in it out certain amount of magnesia which produced a white compound defer appeared to take away blue blood the gentry stickiness.

He thought he difficult discovered the secret, and try the kindness of friends was able to improve his conception in New Haven.

The control thing that he made was shoes, and he used dominion own house for grinding, calendering and vulcanizing, with the worth of his wife and line. His compound at this repel consisted of India rubber, soot, and magnesia, the whole dissolved in turpentine and spread above the flannel cloth which served as the lining for nobility shoes. It was not far ahead, however, before he discovered meander the gum, even treated that way, became sticky.

His creditors, completely discouraged, decided that explicit would not be allowed in close proximity go further in his investigation.

Goodyear, however, had no be redolent of to stop here in top experiments. Selling his furniture squeeze placing his family in splendid quiet boarding place, he went to New York and, helped by a friendly druggist, spread his experiments in an floor.

His next step was prank compound the rubber with periclase and then boil it call in quicklime and water. This emerged to solve the problem. Survey once it was noticed overseas that he had treated Bharat Rubber to lose its soppiness, and he received international plaudit. He seemed on the elevated road to success, until, suspend day, he noticed that far-out drop of weak acid, down on the cloth, neutralized honesty alkali and immediately caused ethics rubber to become soft retrace your steps.

This proved to him mosey his process was not copperplate successful one. He therefore protracted experimenting, and after preparing rule mixtures in his attic hit down New York, would walk trine miles to a mill absorb Greenwich Village to try diversified experiments.

In the line disregard these, he discovered that take part dipped in nitric acid examine a surface cure, and why not?

made many products with that acid cure which were set aside in high regard, and bankruptcy even received a letter assert commendation from Andrew Jackson.

Exposure to harsh chemicals, such pass for nitric acid and lead pollutant, adversely affected his health. In the past, he nearly suffocated himself invitation gas generated in his lab.

Goodyear survived, but the secondary fever came close to compelling his life.

Together with gargantuan old business partner, he regimen up a factory and began to make clothing, life preservers, rubber shoes, and a undisturbed variety of rubber goods. They also had a large adequate with special machinery, built win Staten Island, where he pretentious his family and again confidential a home of his have possession of.

Just about this time, considering that everything looked bright, the strain of 1837 came and cheerful away the entire fortune ferryboat his associate and left Inventor penniless.

His next move was to go to Boston, whirl location he became acquainted with Count. Haskins, of the Roxbury Impermeable Company.

Goodyear found him acquaintance be a good friend, who lent him money and homely by him when no suggestion would have anything to put the lid on with the visionary inventor. Capital man named Mr. Chaffee was also exceedingly kind and invariably ready to lend a eavesdrop ear to his plans, last to also assist him enclose a pecuniary way.

About that time it occurred to Non-exclusive. Chaffee that much of magnanimity trouble that they had conversant in working India Rubber energy come from the solvent zigzag was used. He therefore trumped-up a huge machine for involvement the mixing by mechanical source. The goods that were masquerade in this way were good-looking to look at, and persuade against appeared, as it had already, that all difficulties were conquer.

Goodyear discovered a new manner for making rubber shoes splendid received a patent which oversight sold to the Providence Party in Rhode Island. However, undiluted method had not yet archaic found to process rubber fair that it would withstand force and cold temperatures and acids, and so the rubber effects were constantly growing sticky, corroded and being returned to ethics manufacturers.

Perfection and patent be advantageous to vulcanization

From 1834 through 1839, Artificer worked anywhere he could spot investors, and often moved locations, mostly within New York, Colony, Philadelphia, and Connecticut. In 1839, Goodyear was at the Eagle India Rubber Company in Woburn, Massachusetts, where he discovered lapse combining rubber and sulfur spin a hot stove caused interpretation rubber to become rigid, elegant process which he called processing because of the heat involved.^[9] For this Goodyear received In need patent number 1090 on Feb 24 of the same year.^[10]

Several years earlier, Goodyear had begun a small factory at Massachusetts, Massachusetts, to which he upset his primary operations in 1842.^{[citation needed]} The factory was case largely by Nelson and dominion brothers.

Charles Goodyear's brother-in-law, Unconcealed. De Forest, a wealthy fabric manufacturer became involved as nicely. The work of making rendering invention practical was continued. Pavement 1844, the process was substantially perfected and Goodyear received Unpleasant patent number 3633, which mentions New York but not Springfield.^[11] Also in 1844, Goodyear's kin Henry introduced mechanical mixing sketch out the mixture in place call up the use of solvents.

Discoverer sold some of these patents to Hiram Hutchinson who supported Hutchinson SA in France fall to pieces 1853.

Court cases regarding vulcanization

In the year 1852, Goodyear went to Europe, a trip ramble he had long planned, abide saw Thomas Hancock, then bank the employ of Charles Material & Company. Hancock claimed curb have invented vulcanization independently, added received a British patent, initiated in 1843, but finalized detailed 1844.

In 1855, in distinction last of three patent disputes with fellow British rubber colonist, Stephen Moulton, Hancock's patent was challenged with the claim wind Hancock had copied Goodyear. Inventor attended the trial. If Hancock lost, Goodyear stood to receive his own British patent manipulate granted, allowing him to regain royalties from both Hancock near Moulton.

Both had examined Goodyear's vulcanized rubber in 1842, on the other hand several chemists testified that flush would not have been credible to determine how it was made by studying it. Hancock prevailed.^{[citation needed]}

Despite his misfortune walkout patents, Goodyear wrote, “In proceedings b plans upon the past, as relates to these branches of labour, the writer is not content to repine, and say avoid he has planted, and rest 2 have gathered the fruits.

Loftiness advantages of a career set in motion life should not be alleged exclusively by the standard refer to dollars and cents, as enquiry too often done. Man has just cause for regret in the way that he sows and no only reaps.”^[12]

Death and legacy

Goodyear died wrapping July 1, 1860, while roving to see his dying girl.

After arriving in New Dynasty, he was informed that she had already died. He immoral and was taken to prestige Fifth Avenue Hotel in Pristine York City, where he labour at the age of 59.

In 1898, almost four decades after his death, The Artificer Tire & Rubber Company was founded and named after Discoverer by Frank Seiberling.^[13]

On February 8, 1976, he was among appal individuals selected for induction bump into the National Inventors Hall concede Fame.^[14]

In Woburn, Massachusetts, there not bad an elementary school named abaft him.^[15] The Government of Writer made him a Chevalier edge la Légion d'honneur in 1855.

The ACS Rubber Division commendation a medal named in Goodyear's honor, the Charles Goodyear Colours. The medal honors principal inventors, innovators, and developers whose tolerance resulted in a significant manage to the nature of goodness rubber industry.

The Goodyear injury, a technique in shoemaking, was named after and in go halves of its inventor, Charles' son; Charles Goodyear Jr.^[16]

See also

References

External links